the urethra, and whenever they swell, it swells also.  The penis has four muscles; two shorter ones springing from the Cox endix and which serve for erection, and on that account they are called erectores; two larger, coming from sphincters ani, which serve to dilate the urethra so as to discharge the semen, and these are called dilatantes, or wideners.  At the end of the penis is the glans, covered with a very thin membrane, by means of which, and of its nervous substance, it becomes most extremely sensitive, and is the principal seat of pleasure in copulation.  The outer covering of the glans is called the preputium (foreskin), which the Jews cut off in circumcision, and it is fastened by the lower part of it to the glans.  The penis is also provided with veins, arteries and nerves.

The testiculi, stones or testicles (so called because they testify one to be a man), turn the blood, which is brought to them by the spermatic arteries into seed.  They have two sorts of covering, common and proper; there are two of the common, which enfold both the testes.  The outer common coat, consists of the cuticula, or true skin, and is called the scrotum, and hangs from the abdomen like a purse; the inner is the membrana carnosa.  There are also two proper coats—­the outer called cliotrodes, or virginales; the inner albugidia; in the outer the cremaster is inserted.  The epididemes, or prostatae are fixed to the upper part of the testes, and from them spring the vasa deferentia, or ejaculatoria, which deposit the seed into the vesicule seminales when they come near the neck of the bladder.  There are two of these vesiculae, each like a bunch of grapes, which emit the seed into the urethra in the act of copulation.  Near them are the prostatae, about the size of a walnut, and joined to the neck of the bladder.  Medical writers do not agree about the use of them, but most are of the opinion that they produce an oily and sloppy discharge to besmear the urethra so as to defend it against the pungency of the seed and urine.  But the vessels which convey the blood to the testes, from which the seed is made, are the arteriae spermaticae and there are two of them also.  There are likewise two veins, which carry off the remaining blood, and which are called venae spermaticae.

FOOTNOTES: 

[4] Seminal vesicle.

[5] Urinary vesicle.

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CHAPTER XVII

     A word of Advice to both Sexes, consisting of several Directions
     with regard to Copulation.