A strip is now put in to take the place of the base.  This strip is 1-3/4 in. wide, 1/2 in. thick and long enough to reach the entire length of the bottom of the canoe.  It is fastened with screws on the inside, as shown in Fig. 7, and the ends are lap-jointed to the stem and stern pieces as shown in Fig. 4.  When this piece is fastened in place, the base can be removed.  The seats are attached as shown in Fig. 8, and the small pieces for each end are fitted as shown in Fig. 9.

The frame of the canoe is now ready to be covered.  This will require 5-1/2 yd. of extra-heavy canvas.  Turn the framework of the canoe upside down and place the canvas on it.  The center of the canvas is located and tacked to the center strip of the canoe at the points where ribs are attached.  Copper tacks should be used.  The canvas is then tacked to the ribs, beginning at the center rib and working toward each end, carefully drawing the canvas as tightly as possible and keeping it straight.  At the ends the canvas is split in the center and lapped over the bent wood.  The surplus canvas is cut off.  A thin coat of glue is put on, to shrink the cloth and make it waterproof.

The glue should be powdered and brought into liquid form in a double boiler.  A thin coat of this is applied with a paintbrush.  A small keel made of a strip of wood is placed on the bottom to protect it when making a landing on sand and stones in shallow

[Illustration:  A Single Paddle]

water.  When the glue is thoroughly dry the canvas is covered with two coats of paint, made up in any color with the best lead and boiled linseed oil.  The inside is coated with spar varnish to give it a wood color.

The paddles may be made up in two ways, single or double.  The double paddle has a hickory pole, 7 ft. long and 2 in. in diameter, for its center part.  The paddle is made as shown in Fig. 10, of ash or cypress.  It is 12 in. long, and 8 in. wide at the widest part.  The paddle end fits into a notch cut in the end of the pole (Fig. 11).

A shield is made of a piece of tin or rubber and placed around the pole near the paddle to prevent the water from running to the center as the pole is tipped from side to side.  The complete paddle is shown in Fig. 12.  A single paddle is made as shown in Fig. 13.  This is made of ash or any other tough wood.  The dimensions given in the sketch are sufficient without a description.

** Thorns Used as Needles on a Phonograph [453]

Very sharp thorns can be used successfully as phonograph needles.  These substitutes will reproduce sound very clearly and with beautiful tone.  The harsh scratching of the ordinary needle is reduced to a minimum, and the thorn is not injurious to the record.

** Tool Hangers [453]

A tool rack that is serviceable for almost any kind of a tool may be made

[Illustration:  Tool Hanger]

by placing rows of different-size screw eyes on a wall close to the workbench, so that files, chisels, pliers and other tools, and the handles of hammers can be slipped through the eyes.