The rudders are made as shown in Fig. 6, by using an iron rod 5/8 in. in diameter and 2 ft. long for the bearing of each.  This rod is split with a hacksaw for 7 in. of its length and a sheet metal plate 3/32 in. thick, 6 in. wide, and 12 in. long inserted and riveted in the split.  This will allow 3/4 in. of the iron rod to project from the bottom edge of the metal through which a hole is drilled for a cotter pin.  The bottom bracket is made from stake iron bent in the shape of a U as shown, the rudder bearing passing through a hole drilled in the upper leg and resting on the lower.  Slip the top bracket on and then bend the top end of the bearing rod at an angle as shown in both Figs. 6 and 7.  Connect the two bent ends with a crosspiece which has a hole drilled in its center to fasten a rope as shown in Fig. 1.

Attach the mast to the front crosspiece, also bowsprit, bracing them both to the pontoons.  A set of sails having about 300 sq. ft. of area will be about right for racing.  Two sails, main and fore, of about 175 to 200 sq. ft. will be sufficient for cruising.  —­Contributed by J. Appleton, Des Moines, Iowa.

** Alligator Photo Mounts [424]

Rough alligator finished photograph mounts will not receive a good impression from a die.  If a carbon paper is placed on the mounts before making the impression, a good clear imprint will be the result.

** How to Attach a Sail to a Bicycle [425]

This attachment was constructed for use on a bicycle to be ridden on the well packed sands of a beach, but it could be used on a smooth, level road as well.  The illustration shows the

[Illustration:  Bicycle Sailing on a Beach]

main frame to consist of two boards, each about 16 ft. long, bent in the shape of a boat, to give plenty of room for turning the front wheel.  On this main frame is built up a triangular mast, to carry the mainsail and jib, having a combined area of about 40 sq. ft.  The frame is fastened to the bicycle by numerous pieces of rope.

Sailing on a bicycle is very much different from sailing in a boat, for the bicycle leans up against the wind, instead of heeling over with it as the boat.  It takes some time to learn the supporting power of the wind, and the angle at which one must ride makes it appear that a fall is almost sure to result.  A turn must be made by turning out of the wind, instead of, as in ordinary sailing, into it; the boom supporting the bottom of the mainsail is then swung over to the opposite tack, when one is traveling at a good speed.

** Removing Iodine Stains [425]

A good way to chemically remove iodine stains from the hands or linen is to wash the stains in a strong solution of hypo sulphite of sodium, known as “hypo,” which is procurable at any photographic-supply dealer’s or drug store.

There is no danger of using too strong a solution, but the best results are obtained with a mixture of 1 oz. of hypo to 2 oz. of water.