wheel, all but the four spokes needed for the fans as in Fig. 1.  The same hub, axle and bearings will do.  In case you cannot secure a wheel and shaft, the hub may be made from a piece of hardwood, about 4 in. in diameter and 6 in. long.  A 2-in. hole should be bored through for a wooden shaft, or a 1-1/2-in. hole for a metal shaft.  The hub may be secured by putting two or three metal pins through hub and shaft.  Adjust the spokes by boring holes for them and arrange them so that they extend from the center A, like B. The wheel is then ready for the blades.  These

[Illustration:  Fig.1; Windmill]

blades should be of sheet metal or thin hardwood.  The sizes may vary according to the capacity of the wheel and amount of room for the blades on the spokes.  Each one is tilted so as to receive the force of the wind at an angle, which adjustment causes the wheel to revolve when the wind pressure is

[Illustration:  Fig. 2, Fig. 3]

strong enough.  Secure the blades to the spokes by using little metal cleats, C and D. Bend these metal strips to suit the form of the spokes and flatten against the blades and then insert the screws to fasten the cleats to the wood.  If sheet metal blades are used, rivets should be used for fastening them.

The stand for the wheel shaft is shown in Fig. 2.  Arrange the base piece in platform order, (J).  This is more fully shown in Fig. 5.  On top of this base piece, which is about 36 in. long, place the seat or ring for the revolving table.  The circular seat is indicated at I, Fig. 1.  This ring is like an inverted cheese box cover with the center cut out.  It can be made by a tinner.  Size of ring outside, 35 in.  The shoulders are 4 in. high and made of tin also.  Form the shoulder by soldering the piece on.  Thus we get a smooth surface with sides for the mill base to turn in so as to receive the wind at each point to advantage.  The X-shaped piece H rests in the tin rim.  The X-form, however, does not show in this sketch, but in Fig. 5, where it is marked S. This part is made of two pieces of

[Illustration:  Fig. 4]

2-in. plank, about 3 in. wide, arranged so that the two pieces cross to make a letter X. When the pieces join, mortise them one into the other so as to secure a good joint.  Adjust the uprights for sustaining the wheel shaft to the X-pieces as shown at E, E, Fig. 2.  These are 4 by 4 in. pieces of wood, hard pine preferred, planed and securely set up in the X-pieces by mortising into the same.  Make the bearings for the

[Illustration:  Fig. 5]

wheel shaft in the uprights and insert the shaft.