[Illustration:  Details of a Home-Made Bench Vise]

or, better still, a key filed out of a piece of soft steel to fit the nut.  The edges of the jaws are faced with sheet metal which can be copper or steel suitable for the work it is intended to hold.

** Temporary Dark Room Lantern [340]

Occasionally through some accident to the regular ruby lamp, or through the necessity of, developing while out of reach of a properly equipped dark room, some makeshift of illumination must be improvised.  Such a temporary safe light may be made from an empty cigar box in a short time.

[Illustration:  Lantern]

Remove the bottom of the box, and nail it in position as shown at A. Remove one end, and replace as shown at B. Drive a short wire nail through the center of the opposite end to serve as a seat for the candle, C. The lamp is finished by tacking two or more layers of yellow post-office paper over the aperture D, bringing the paper well around to the sides and bottom of the box to prevent light leakage from the cracks around the edges, says Photo Era.  The hinged cover E, is used as a door, making lighting and trimming convenient.  The door may be fastened with a nail or piece of wire.  It is well to reinforce the hinge by gluing on a strip of cloth if the lamp is to be in use more than once or twice.  This lamp is safe, for the projecting edges of A and B form light-shields for the ventilation orifice and the crack at the top of the hinged cover, respectively.  Moreover, since the flame of the candle is above A, only reflected and transmitted light reaches the plate, while the danger of igniting the paper is reduced to a minimum.

** Runny Paint [340]

The paint will sag and run if too much oil is put in white lead.

** Camps and How to Build Them [341]

There are several ways of building a temporary camp from material that is always to be found in the woods, and whether these improvised shelters are intended to last until a permanent camp is built, or only as a camp on a short excursion, a great deal of fun can be had in their construction.  The Indian camp is the easiest to make.  An evergreen tree with branches growing well down toward the ground furnishes all the material.  By chopping the trunk almost through, so that when the tree falls the upper part will still remain attached to the stump, a serviceable shelter can be quickly provided.  The cut should be about 5 ft. from the ground.  Then the boughs and branches on the under side of the fallen top are chopped away and piled on top.  There is room for several persons under this sort of shelter, which offers fairly good protection against any but the most drenching rains.

The Indian wigwam sheds rain better, and where there are no suitable trees that can be cut, it is the easiest camp to make.  Three long poles with the tops tied together and the lower ends spaced 8 or 10 ft. apart, make the frame of the wigwam.  Branches and brush can easily be piled up, and woven in and out on these poles so as to shed a very heavy rain.