[Illustration:  Details of the Developing Box]

can be made in the same manner.  Use a small wooden clip in taking the plates out of the box, being careful not to scratch the sensitive film.  —­Contributed by R.J.  Smith, Milwaukee, Wis.

** Staining Wood [221]

A very good method of staining close-grained woods is to use muriatic acid.  The acid is put on with a brush like any ordinary stain.  The colors thus obtained are artistic and most beautiful, and cannot be duplicated by any known pigment.  The more coats applied the darker the color will be.  This method of staining has the advantage of requiring no wiping or rubbing.  —­Contributed by August T. Neyer, One Cloud, Cal.

** Sheet-Metal Whisk-Broom Holder [221]

A whisk-broom holder such as is shown in the accompanying picture may be easily made by the amateur.  The tools needed are few:  a pair of tin shears, a metal block of some kind upon which to pound when riveting, a hammer or mallet, several large nails, and a stout board upon which to work up the design.  A rivet punch is desirable, though not absolutely necessary.

The material required is a sheet of No. 24 gauge copper or brass of a size equal to that of the proposed holder, plus a 3/8-in. border all around, into which to place the screws that are to be used to hold the metal to the board while pounding it.  The design shown in the picture is 6 by 8 in. at the widest part and has proven a satisfactory holder for a small broom.

Carefully work out the design desired on a piece of drawing paper, both outline and decoration, avoiding sharp curves in the outline because they are hard to follow with the shears when cutting the metal.  If the design is to be of two-part symmetry, like the one shown, draw one part, then fold on a center line and duplicate this by inserting double-surfaced carbon paper and tracing the part already drawn.  With this same carbon paper transfer the design to the metal.  Fasten the metal to the board firmly, using 1/2-in. screws placed about 1 in. apart in holes previously punched in the margin with a nail set or nail.

To flatten the metal preparatory to fastening it to the board, place a block of wood upon it and pound on this block, never upon the metal directly,

[Illustration:  Completed Holder Brass Fastened to Board-Method of Riveting]

or the surface will be dented and look bad in the finished piece.

Take the nail, a 10 or 20-penny wire or cut, and file it to a chisel edge, rounding it just enough to take the sharpness off so that it will not cut the metal.  This tool is used for indenting the metal so as to bring out the outline of the design on the surface.

There are several ways of working up the design.  The simplest way is to take the nail and merely “chase” the outlines of holder design.  Remove the screws, cut off the surplus metal and file the edges until they are smooth.  Make a paper pattern for the metal band that is to hold the broom.  Trace around this pattern on the metal and cut out the shape.  Punch rivet holes in holder and band, also a hole by which to hang the whole upon the wall.