Having a large number of windows to putty each week, I found it quite a task to prepare the putty.  I facilitated the work by using an ordinary meat cutter or sausage grinder.  The grinder will soften set putty and will quickly prepare cold putty.  It will not, however, grind old putty or make putty from whiting and oil.  —­Contributed by H. G. Stevens; Dunham, Que.

** Home-Made Small Churn [192]

Many people living in a small town or in the suburbs of a city own one

[Illustration:  Making Butter]

cow that supplies the family table with milk and cream.  Sometimes the cream will accumulate, but not in sufficient quantities to be made into butter in a large churn.  A fruit jar usually takes the place of a churn and the work is exceedingly hard, the jar being shaken so the cream will beat against the ends in the process of butter-making.  The accompanying sketch shows clearly how one boy rigged up a device having a driving wheel which is turned with a crank, and a driven wheel attached to an axle having a crank on the inner end.  This crank is connected to a swinging cradle with a wire pitman of such a size as to slightly bend or spring at each end of the stroke.  The cradle is made with a cleat fastened to each end, between which is placed the fruit jar, partially filled with cream.  The jar is wedged in between the cleats and the churning effected by turning the crank.  —­Contributed by Geo. E. Badger, Mayger, Oregon.

** Home-Made Round Swing [192]

Gas pipe and fittings were used wherever possible in the making of the swing as shown in the photograph.  The d i a g ram drawing shows the construction.  A 6-in. square cedar post is set in the ground about 3 ft., allowing 2 ft. to remain above the ground and a 7/8-in. piece of shafting is driven into the top part of this post for an axle.  A cast-iron ring, or, better still, a heavy wheel with four spokes of such a size as to be drilled and tapped for 1/2-in. pipe is used for the hub, or center on which the frame swings.  If a wheel is selected, the rim must be removed and only the spokes and hub used.  The hole in the hub must be 7/8 in. or less, so the hub can be fitted to the shafting that is driven in the post.  A large washer is placed on top of the post and the hub or cast-iron ring set on the washer.

The drilled and tapped holes in the four spokes are each fitted with a 4-1/2 length of 1/2-in. pipe.  These pipes are

[Illustration:  The Merry-Go-Round Complete]

each fitted with a tee on the end and into this tee uprights of 1/2-in. pipe in suitable lengths are screwed, and also short lengths with a tee and axle for the 6-in. wheel are fitted in the under side of the tee.  The uprights at their upper ends are also fitted with tees and each joined to the center pipe with 1/2-in. pipe flattened on the inner end and fastened with bolts to a flange.

The bottom part of the cloth covering is held in place by a 1/2-in. pipe, bent to the desired circle.  Four braces made from 1/2-in. pipe connect each spoke and seat to the flange on the center pipe.  An extra wheel 18 in. in diameter is fitted in between two seats and used as the propelling wheel.  This wheel has bicycle cranks and pedals and carries a seat or a hobby horse.  The four seats are fastened to the four pipes with 1/2-in. pipe clamps.