Then the whole country turned, as a matter of course, to one man to stand at the head of the national forces of the United States, and Adams wrote to Washington, urging him to take command of the provisional army.  To any other appeal to come forward Washington would have been deaf, but he could never refuse a call to arms.  He wrote to Adams on July 4, 1798:  “In case of actual invasion by a formidable force, I certainly should not intrench myself under the cover of age or retirement, if my services should be required by my country to assist in repelling it.”  He agreed, therefore, to take command of the army, provided that he should not be called into active service except in the case of actual hostilities, and that he should have the appointment of the general’s staff.  To these terms Adams of course acceded.  But out of the apparently simple condition relating to the appointment of officers there grew a very serious trouble.  There were to be three major-generals, the first of them to have also the rank of inspector-general, and to be the virtual commander-in-chief until the army was actually called into the field.  For these places, Washington after much reflection selected Hamilton, Pinckney, and Knox, in the order named, and in doing so he very wisely went on the general principle that the army was to be organized de novo, without reference to prior service.  Apart from personal and political jealousies, nothing could have been more proper and more sound than this arrangement; but at this point the President’s dislike of Hamilton got beyond control, and he made up his mind to reverse the order, and send in Knox’s name first.  The Federalist leaders were of course utterly disgusted by this attempt to set Hamilton aside, which was certainly ill-judged, and which proved to be the beginning of the dissensions that ended in the ruin of the Federalist party.  After every effort, therefore, to move Adams had failed, Pickering and others, including Hamilton himself, appealed to Washington.  At a distance from the scene of action, and unfamiliar with the growth of differences within the party, Washington was not only surprised, but annoyed by the President’s conduct.  In addition to the evils which he believed would result in a military way from this change, he felt that the conditions which he had made had been violated, and that he had not been treated fairly.  He therefore wrote to the President with his wonted plainness, on September 25, and pointed out that his stipulations had not been complied with, that the change of order among the major-generals was thoroughly wrong, and that the President’s meddling with the inferior appointments had been hurtful and injudicious.  His views were expressed in the most courteous way, although with an undertone of severe disapproval.  There was no mistaking the meaning of the letter, however, and Adams, bold man and President as he was, gave way at once.  Mr. Adams thought at the time that there