is dear to thee?  It is not lawful for me again to send forth favorably on his journey a man hated by the happy gods.”  This idea of the beneficence of AEolus remains to the latest times, though Virgil, by adopting the vulgar change of the cloud island into Lipari, has lost it a little; but even when it is finally explained away by Diodorus, AEolus is still a kind-hearted monarch, who lived on the coast of Sorrento, invented the use of sails, and established a system of storm signals.

20.  Another beneficent storm-power, Boreas, occupies an important place in early legend, and a singularly principal one in art; and I wish I could read to you a passage of Plato about the legend of Boreas and Oreithyia,* and the breeze and shade of the Ilissus—­notwithstannding its severe reflection upon persons who waste their time on mythological studies; but I must go on at once to the fable with which you are all generally familiar, that of the Harpies.

* Translated by Max Mueller in the opening of his essay on “Comparative Mythology.”—­Chips from a German Workshop, vol. ii.

This is always connected with that of Boreas or the north wind, because the two sons of Boreas are enemies of the Harpies, and drive them away into frantic flight.  The myth in its first literal form means only the battle between the fair north wind and the foul south one:  the two Harpies, “Stormswift” and “Swiftfoot,” are the sisters of the rainbow; that is to say, they are the broken drifts of the showery south wind, and the clear north wind drives them back; but they quickly take a deeper and more malignant significance.  You know the short, violent, spiral gusts that lift the dust before coming rain:  the Harpies get identified first with these, and then with more violent whirlwinds, and so they are called “Harpies,” “the Snatchers,” and are thought of as entirely destructive; their manner of destroying being twofold,—­by snatching away, and by defiling and polluting.  This is a month in which you may really see a small Harpy at her work almost whenever you choose.  The first time that there is threatening of rain after two or three days of fine weather, leave your window well open to the street, and some books or papers on the table; and if you do not, in a little while, know what the Harpies mean, and how they snatch, and how they defile, I’ll give up my Greek myths.

21.  That is the physical meaning.  It is now easy to find the mental one.  You must all have felt the expression of ignoble anger in those fitful gusts of storm.  There is a sense of provocation in their thin and senseless fury, wholly different from the nobler anger of the greater tempests.  Also, they seem useless and unnatural, and the Greek thinks of them always as vile in malice, and opposed, therefore, to the Sons of Boreas, who are kindly winds, that fill sails, and wave harvests,—­full of bracing health and happy impulses.  From this lower and merely greater terror, always associated