[22] Throughout this document, the attestations and other legal procedures of notaries are enclosed within parentheses.

[23] The name fragata (from which is derived the English word “frigate”) is here used to designate merely a light sailing-vessel which could navigate among the islands.

[24] Evidently one of the so-called “hand cannon,” which were often used at this period, both by cavalry and by infantry—­portable fire-arms, loaded sometimes at the breech and sometimes by a movable chamber.  See illustrations and descriptions of these weapons in Demmin’s Arms and Armor (Black’s trans.), pp. 59-74, 485, 511-517.

[25] The arms of Portugal, consisting of five scutcheons, in memory of the five wounds of Christ.

[26] One of the numerous appellations of small cannon.

[27] The banca was a sort of canoe made from a hollowed tree-trunk (like the American “dug-out"), sometimes provided with outriggers, to prevent it from upsetting, and sometimes with a roof of bamboo.  The barangay is the most primitive and most characteristic boat in the Philippines; it is described as a sharp and slender craft, pointed at both ends, and put together with wooden nails and pegs.  It is this boat which has given name to the primitive groups of the social organization; see Bourne’s mention of these, Vol.  I of this series, p. 56.—­Editors.]

“The people were divided or grouped into families, known as barangayes (the name of a small ship or vessel), thus preserving the remembrance of the conveyance by which their forefathers reached the islands.  As the various families came hither, each in its own barangay—­all, during the voyage, being under the command of a cabeza (a head captain, or pilot)—­the land was partitioned among them, so much for each family; while all continued, on the land, subject to the cabezas who had directed them on the sea.  These in time were known as datos, or maguinoos.  See the Cronica of Francisco de Santa Ines (Manila, 1892), i, p. 57; Noceda and Sanlucar’s Vocabulario Tagala (3rd ed., Manila, 1860); Diego Bergano’s Vocabulario Pampanga (Manila, 1860); and Andres Carro’s Vocabulario Iloco-Espanol (Manila, 1888).”—­Rev. T. C. Middleton, O.S.A.

[28] Meaning some plant used as an antidote for poison.

[29] Apparently a phonetic variant of pangeran (a Javanese word adopted in Borneo), meaning “prince.”

[30] In this connection may be cited Rajah James Brooke’s statement, as given by Captain Henry Keppel in his Expedition to Borneo (American edition, New York, 1846), p. 305:  “The most detestable part of this traffic is Seriff Houseman ["a half-bred Arab” pirate in Borneo] selling, in cold blood, such of these slaves as are Borneans, to Pangeran Usop, of Bruni, for 100 rupees for each slave, and Pangeran Usop re-selling each for 200 rupees to their relations in Bruni.”