[15] Span., de no aver pies ni cabeza, “as he had neither feet nor head.”

[16] Cauchi is a phonetic form of Kuchi, the Malay appellation of the region known in recent years as Cochin-China, now a part of French Indo-China.  Camboja is a better form of the name usually written Cambodia, also a part of French Indo-China; Sian is but a variant of Siam.  Patani and Pahang are Malayan states on the eastern side of the Malay Peninsula.  Jabas is a corruption of Jawa (now commonly written Java), the name of the principal nation inhabiting the island—­the most civilized and moral of the Malayan peoples.  Samatra is only a variant of Sumatra—­the largest island, next to Borneo, of the Malayan archipelago.  Achin (or Achen) and Manangkabo (Manancabo) are states in the island of Sumatra; and Batachina evidently means “land of the Bataks,” a tribe of cannibals dwelling near Achin.  See Crawfurd’s Dictionary for valuable information regarding all these regions.

[17] The three great military orders then vested in the crown of Spain—­those of Santiago, Alcantara, and Calatrava.

[18] The order of Friars Minors (Fratres Minores), better known as Franciscans, was founded (1208) by St. Francis of Assisi.

[19] Mestizo:  the offspring of a white man and an Indian woman, or of an Indian man and a white woman—­of course, almost entirely the former.  See interesting notes on this subject by Retana, in his Zuniga, ii, pp. 525*, 526*.

[20] Herrera says (Descripcion de las Indias, cap. 26), that:  “The West Indies [Indias del Poniente] comprise all the islands and mainland [Tierra firme] beyond the line of demarcation of Castilla and Leon, as far as the western bounds of that said demarcation, the line whereof passes around the other side of the world, through the city of Malacca.”  This is conformable with the law of February 22, 1632 (Recop. leyes Indias, lib. i, tit. xiv, ley xxxiii), which locates Japan and the Philippine Islands in the West Indies; it also corresponds with the Constitution (Onerosa) of Clement VIII, issued December 12, 1600, to be found in section 4, wherein the Philippines are located, it seems, in the West Indies, or what are considered as such.  However, what really is the dividing line has not yet been decided.—­Rev. T.C.  Middleton, O.S.A.

[21] The missionaries who effected the conversion [of the Malaysian tribes] were not, for the most part, genuine Arabs, but the mixed descendants of Arab and Persian traders from the Persian and Arabian gulfs—­parties who, by their intimate acquaintance with the manners and languages of the islanders, were far more effectual instruments.  The earliest recorded conversion was that of the people of Achin in Sumatra (A.D. 1206).  The Malays of Malacca adopted Mahometanism in 1276; the Javanese, in 1478; the inhabitants of the Moluccas, about the middle of the fifteenth century.  This doctrine has been received by all the more civilized peoples of the Indian archipelago.  See Crawfurd’s Dictionary, pp. 236, 237, 284.