The bull erecting the diocese of Manila is taken from Doc. ined.  Amer. y Oceania, xxxiv, pp. 72-79.  The grant of indulgences is obtained from Fray Francisco de Santa Ines’s Cronica de la provincia de San Gregorio Magno (Manila, 1892), pp. 215, 216.

The two royal decrees are translated from copies of the originals, which are found in the “Cedulario Indico” in the Archivo Historico Nacional at Madrid; their pressmarks are:  for the decree of 1879, “Tomo 31, F deg. 132b, n deg. 135;” for that of 1580, “Tomo 31, F deg. 193b, n deg. 184.”  The “Cedulario” contains forty MSS. volumes of these decrees, with a calendar index of twenty-four volumes.

NOTES

[1] The Spanish phrase here is armas enastadas, literally, “weapons fastened to handles.”  See cuts of Chinese battle-axes (from specimens in Musee d’ Artillerie, Paris) in Auguste Demmin’s Arms and Armor (London, 1877), p. 442.

[2] The day of St. Andrew falls on November 30, according to the church calendars.

[3] This narrative is given in Juan Gonzales de Mendoza’s Hist.  China, part ii, book i, ch. ix-xxix.

[4] Marco Polo, the noted Venetian traveler, was born about 1256, and died in his native city in 1323.  His father and uncle were also travelers; they went to Tartary in 1255, returning to Europe in 1269, as envoys from the noted Kublai Khan.  Two years later, they returned to the court of that ruler, accompanied by the young Marco; and they remained in the service of the Mongol emperor until 1292, when they returned to Venice.  Marco’s account of his travels and observations was written as early as 1307.  A Latin version of it was published in Antwerp, about 1485; and one in Italian at Venice, in 1496.  Many other editions and translations of it have since been issued—­perhaps the most notable being that by G. Pauthier (Paris, 1865).  See this editor’s account of Polo and of his work, in Hoefer’s Nouvelle biographie generale, t. xxxix, art.  Polo; Pauthier shows that this work must have been originally written in French.  Kublai Khan at that time had his capital at Pekin, not at Kingsze.

[5] The Great Wall of China was constructed during the reign of Hoangti, the second emperor of the Tsin dynasty (about 244 to 210 B.C.); it was built to protect the Chinese land from the invasions of the Tartar hordes on the west and north, among whom were those later known as Huns.

[6] The oil extracted from sesame (Sesamum indicum); it is used by the natives for the hair, and in medicine.

[7] Chichimecos (meaning “braves”) was a term applied to all the wild tribes of Mexico; it was also used specially to designate the hunting and pastoral tribes in the northern provinces of the present country of Mexico—­who, according to Humboldt (New Spain, Black’s trans., London, 1811, i, p. 133), came to that country about 1170.  See also G.P.  Winship’s Coronado Expedition (Washington, 1896), p. 524.