Language eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 278 pages of information about Language.

Language eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 278 pages of information about Language.

   I. fotfoti; musmusi (West Germanic)
  II. fotfoeti; musmuesi
 III. fotfoete; musmuese
  IV. fotfoet; musmues
   V. fotfet; musmues (Anglo-Saxon)
  VI. fotfet; musmis(Chaucer)
 VII. fotfet; mousmeis
VIII. fut (rhymes with boot):  fit; mousmeis (Shakespeare)
  IX. futfit; mausmais
   X. fut (rhymes with put):  fit; mausmais (English of 1900)

It will not be necessary to list the phonetic laws that gradually differentiated the modern German equivalents of the original West Germanic forms from their English cognates.  The following table gives a rough idea of the form sequences in German:[156]

[Footnote 156:  After I. the numbers are not meant to correspond chronologically to those of the English table.  The orthography is again roughly phonetic.]

   I. fotfoti; musmusi (West Germanic)
  II. foss:[157] fossi; musmusi
 III. fuossfuossi; musmusi (Old High German)
  IV. fuossfueessi; musmuesi
   V. fuossfueesse; musmuese (Middle High German)
  VI. fuossfueesse; musmueze[158]
 VII. fuosfueese; musmueze
VIII. fuosfueese; mousmoeueze
  IX. fusfuese; mousmoeueze (Luther)
   X. fusfuese; mausmoize (German of 1900)

[Footnote 157:  I use ss to indicate a peculiar long, voiceless s-sound that was etymologically and phonetically distinct from the old Germanic s.  It always goes back to an old t.  In the old sources it is generally written as a variant of z, though it is not to be confused with the modern German z (= ts).  It was probably a dental (lisped) s.]

[Footnote 158:  Z is to be understood as French or English z, not in its German use.  Strictly speaking, this “z” (intervocalic _-s-_) was not voiced but was a soft voiceless sound, a sibilant intermediate between our s and z.  In modern North German it has become voiced to z.  It is important not to confound this s—­z with the voiceless intervocalic s that soon arose from the older lisped ss.  In Modern German (aside from certain dialects), old s and ss are not now differentiated when final (Maus and Fuss have identical sibilants), but can still be distinguished as voiced and voiceless s between vowels (Maeuse and Fuesse).]

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Language from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.