PAGE 45

[55] David Friedrich Strauss (1808-74), German theologian and man of letters.  The work referred to is the Leben Jesu 1835.  A popular edition was published in 1864.

[56] From “Fleury (Preface) on the Gospel.”—­Arnold’s Note Book.

PAGE 46

[57] Cicero’s Att. 16. 7. 3.

[58] Coleridge’s happy phrase.  Coleridge’s Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, letter 2.

PAGE 49

[59] Luther’s theory of grace.  The question concerning the “means of grace,” i.e. whether the efficacy of the sacraments as channels of the divine grace is ex opere operato, or dependent on the faith of the recipient, was the chief subject of controversy between Catholics and Protestants during the period of the Reformation.

[60] Jacques Benigne Bossuet (1627-1704), French divine, orator, and writer.  His Discours sur l’histoire universelle (1681) was an attempt to provide ecclesiastical authority with a rational basis.  It is dominated by the conviction that “the establishment of Christianity was the one point of real importance in the whole history of the world.”

PAGE 50

[61] From Virgil’s Eclogues, iv, 5.  Translated in Shelley’s Hellas:  “The world’s great age begins anew.”

THE STUDY OF POETRY

PAGE 55

[62] Published in 1880 as the General Introduction to The English Poets, edited by T.H.  Ward.  Reprinted in Essays in Criticism, Second Series, Macmillan & Co., 1888.

[63] This quotation is taken, slightly condensed, from the closing paragraph of a short introduction contributed by Arnold to The Hundred Greatest Men, Sampson, Low & Co., London, 1885.

PAGE 56

[64] From the Preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads, 1800.

[65] Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (1804-69), French critic, was looked upon by Arnold as in certain respects his master in the art of criticism.

PAGE 57

[66] a criticism of life.  This celebrated phrase was first used by Arnold in the essay on Joubert (1864), though the theory is implied in On Translating Homer, 1861.  In Joubert it is applied to literature:  “The end and aim of all literature, if one considers it attentively, is, in truth, nothing but that.”  It was much attacked, especially as applied to poetry, and is defended as so applied in the essay on Byron (1881).  See also Wordsworth, Selections, p. 230.[Transcriber’s note:  This is Footnote 371 in this e-text.]