from some of them only one Representative, perhaps, and two Senators, whereas the larger States may have ten, fifteen, or even thirty Representatives, and but two Senators.  The Senate, augmented by these new Senators coming from States where there are few people, becomes an odious oligarchy.  It holds power without any adequate constituency.  Sir, it is but “borough-mongering” upon a large scale.  Now, I do not depend upon theory; I ask the Senate and the country to look at facts, to see where we were when we made our departure three years ago, and where we now are; and I leave it to the imagination to conjecture where we shall be.

We admitted Texas,—­one State for the present; but, Sir, if you refer to the resolutions providing for the annexation of Texas, you find a provision that it shall be in the power of Congress hereafter to make four new States out of Texan territory.  Present and prospectively, five new States, with ten Senators, may come into the Union out of Texas.  Three years ago we did this; we now propose to make two States.  Undoubtedly, if we take, as the President recommends, New Mexico and California, there must then be four new Senators.  We shall then have provided, in these territories out of the United States along our southern borders, for the creation of States enough to send fourteen Senators into this chamber.  Now, what will be the relation between these Senators and the people they represent, or the States from which they come?  I do not understand that there is any very accurate census of Texas.  It is generally supposed to contain one hundred and fifty thousand persons.  I doubt whether it contains above one hundred thousand.

     MR. MANGUM.  It contains one hundred and forty-nine thousand.

My honorable friend on my left says, a hundred and forty-nine thousand.  I put it down, then, one hundred and fifty thousand.  Well, Sir, Texas is not destined, probably, to be a country of dense population.  We will suppose it to have at the present time a population of near one hundred and fifty thousand.  New Mexico may have sixty or seventy thousand inhabitants; say seventy thousand.  In California, there are not supposed to be above twenty-five thousand men; but undoubtedly, if this territory should become ours, persons from Oregon, and from our Western States, will find their way to San Francisco, where there is some good land, and we may suppose they will shortly amount to sixty or seventy thousand.  We will put them down at seventy thousand.  Then the whole territory in this estimate, which is as high as any man puts it, will contain two hundred and ninety thousand persons, and they will send us, whenever we ask for them, fourteen Senators; a population less than that of the State of Vermont, and not the eighth part of that of New York.  Fourteen Senators, and not as many people as Vermont, and no more people than New Hampshire! and not so many people as the good State of New Jersey!