is not to be suffered to pass unnoticed.  Every encroachment, great or small, is important enough to awaken the attention of those who are intrusted with the preservation of a constitutional government.  We are not to wait till great public mischiefs come, till the government is overthrown, or liberty itself put into extreme jeopardy.  We should not be worthy sons of our fathers were we so to regard great questions affecting the general freedom.  Those fathers accomplished the Revolution on a strict question of principle.  The Parliament of Great Britain asserted a right to tax the Colonies in all cases whatsoever; and it was precisely on this question that they made the Revolution turn.  The amount of taxation was trifling, but the claim itself was inconsistent with liberty; and that was, in their eyes, enough.  It was against the recital of an act of Parliament, rather than against any suffering under its enactments, that they took up arms.  They went to war against a preamble.  They fought seven years against a declaration.  They poured out their treasures and their blood like water, in a contest against an assertion which those less sagacious and not so well schooled in the principles of civil liberty would have regarded as barren phraseology, or mere parade of words.  They saw in the claim of the British Parliament a seminal principle of mischief, the germ of unjust power; they detected it, dragged it forth from underneath its plausible disguises, struck at it; nor did it elude either their steady eye or their well-directed blow till they had extirpated and destroyed it, to the smallest fibre.  On this question of principle, while actual suffering was yet afar off, they raised their flag against a power, to which, for purposes of foreign conquest and subjugation, Rome, in the height of her glory, is not to be compared; a power which has dotted over the surface of the whole globe with her possessions and military posts, whose morning drum-beat, following the sun, and keeping company with the hours, circles the earth with one continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England.

The necessity of holding strictly to the principle upon which free governments are constructed, and to those precise lines which fix the partitions of power between different branches, is as plain, if not as cogent, as that of resisting, as our fathers did, the strides of the parent country against the rights of the Colonies; because, whether the power which exceeds its just limits be foreign or domestic, whether it be the encroachment of all branches on the rights of the people, or that of one branch on the rights of others, in either case the balanced and well-adjusted machinery of free government is disturbed, and, if the derangement go on, the whole system must fall.