be so guarded and restrained.  We need not give up the good which belongs to it, through fear of the evils which may follow from its abuse.  We have the power to take security against these evils.  It is our business, as statesmen, to adopt that security; it is our business not to prostrate, or attempt to prostrate, the system, but to use those means of precaution, restraint, and correction which experience has sanctioned, and which are ready at our hands.

It would be to our everlasting reproach, it would be placing us below the general level of the intelligence of civilized states, to admit that we cannot contrive means to enjoy the benefits of bank circulation, and of avoiding, at the same time, its dangers.  Indeed, Sir, no contrivance is necessary.  It is contrivance, and the love of contrivance, that spoil all.  We are destroying ourselves by a remedy which no evil called for.  We are ruining perfect health by nostrums and quackery.  We have lived hitherto under a well constructed, practical, and beneficial system; a system not surpassed by any in the world; and it seems to me to be presuming largely, largely indeed, on the credulity and self-denial of the people, to rush with such sudden and impetuous haste into new schemes and new theories, to overturn and annihilate all that we have so long found useful.

Our system has hitherto been one in which paper has been circulating on the strength of a specie basis; that is to say, when every bank-note was convertible into specie at the will of the holder.  This has been our guard against excess.  While banks are bound to redeem their bills by paying gold and silver on demand, and are at all times able to do this, the currency is safe and convenient.  Such a currency is not paper money, in its odious sense.  It is not like the Continental paper of Revolutionary times; it is not like the worthless bills of banks which have suspended specie payments.  On the contrary, it is the representative of gold and silver, and convertible into gold and silver on demand, and therefore answers the purposes of gold and silver; and so long as its credit is in this way sustained, it is the cheapest, the best, and the most convenient circulating medium.  I have already endeavored to warn the country against irredeemable paper; against the paper of banks which do not pay specie for their own notes; against that miserable, abominable, and fraudulent policy, which attempts to give value to any paper, of any bank, one single moment longer than such paper is redeemable on demand in gold and silver.  I wish most solemnly and earnestly to repeat that warning.  I see danger of that state of things ahead.  I see imminent danger that a portion of the State banks will stop specie payments.  The late measure of the Secretary, and the infatuation with which it seems to be supported, tend directly and strongly to that result.  Under pretence, then, of a design to return to a currency which shall be all specie, we are likely to have a