The English colonists in America, generally speaking, were men who were seeking new homes in a new world.  They brought with them their families and all that was most dear to them.  This was especially the case with the colonists of Plymouth and Massachusetts.  Many of them were educated men, and all possessed their full share, according to their social condition, of the knowledge and attainments of that age.  The distinctive characteristic of their settlement is the introduction of the civilization of Europe into a wilderness, without bringing with it the political institutions of Europe.  The arts, sciences, and literature of England came over with the settlers.  That great portion of the common law which regulates the social and personal relations and conduct of men, came also.  The jury came; the habeas corpus came; the testamentary power came; and the law of inheritance and descent came also, except that part of it which recognizes the rights of primogeniture, which either did not come at all, or soon gave way to the rule of equal partition of estates among children.  But the monarchy did not come, nor the aristocracy, nor the church, as an estate of the realm.  Political institutions were to be framed anew, such as should be adapted to the state of things.  But it could not be doubtful what should be the nature and character of these institutions.  A general social equality prevailed among the settlers, and an equality of political rights seemed the natural, if not the necessary consequence.  After forty years of revolution, violence, and war, the people of France have placed at the head of the fundamental instrument of their government, as the great boon obtained by all their sufferings and sacrifices, the declaration that all Frenchmen are equal before the law.  What France has reached only by the expenditure of so much blood and treasure, and the perpetration of so much crime, the English colonists obtained by simply changing their place, carrying with them the intellectual and moral culture of Europe, and the personal and social relations to which they were accustomed, but leaving behind their political institutions.  It has been said with much vivacity, that the felicity of the American colonists consisted in their escape from the past.  This is true so far as respects political establishments, but no further.  They brought with them a full portion of all the riches of the past, in science, in art, in morals, religion, and literature.  The Bible came with them.  And it is not to be doubted, that to the free and universal reading of the Bible, in that age, men were much indebted for right views of civil liberty.  The Bible is a book of faith, and a book of doctrine, and a book of morals, and a book of religion, of especial revelation from God; but it is also a book which teaches man his own individual responsibility, his own dignity, and his equality with his fellow-man.