[1] Gardeners’ Magazine, Dec. 1831.

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REVENUE AND DEBT

Of the principal States in Europe, 1829; given from official documents, by President Von Malchulst, Minister of Finance to the King of Wurtemberg.

Revenue.        Debt. 
Russian Empire          L17,420,000  L35,550,000
Austria                  13,940,000   78,100,000
France                   39,020,000  194,400,000
Great Britain            51,500,000  819,600,000
Prussia                   8,149,000   29,701,000
The Netherlands           6,590,000  148,500,000
Sweden                    2,170,000
Norway                      354,000      252,100
Denmark                   1,238,000    3,729,000
Poland                    1,306,000    5,740,000
Spain                     6,420,000   70,000,000
Portugal                  2,110,000    5,649,000
Two Sicilies              3,521,000   18,974,000
Sardinia                  2,750,000    4,584,000
States of the Church      1,238,000   17,142,000
Grand Duchy of Tuscany      623,400    1,834,000
Switzerland                 440,000
Ottoman Empire in Europe  2,475,000    3,667,000
Bavaria                   2,973,000   11,311,000
Saxony                    1,009,000    3,300,000
Hanover                     990,000    2,384,000
Wurtemberg                  851,950    2,595,000
Baden                       901,290    1,670,000
Hesse (Darmstadt)           537,260    1,184,900
Hesse (Electorate)          476,000      220,000

W.G.C.

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SWIMMING.

(To the Editor.)

The practice of swimming is so pleasurable, and so conducive to health, and a knowledge of the art of such evident utility, that it is strange that in sea-girt England we should possess no treatise on the subject at all commensurate with its importance.  There is a large work on the subject by Bernardi, a Neapolitan, too voluminous and discursive for general use; and by being in the Italian language, a sealed book to the English reader.  A translation of this work into German was reviewed in the 67th number of the Quarterly Review; and after the observations made by the reviewer, it was really to be hoped that we should before now have possessed some valuable translation of Bernardi.

Great numbers are deterred from attempting to acquire the art of swimming by the time which they know must be consumed, under the present system of learning, before the exercise can be so far learned as to make it a pleasant recreation.

The substance of Bernardi’s practical theory appears to be, the “adapting the habitual movements of the body on land to its progress in water;” and it is attested by a commission, appointed by the Neapolitan Government to investigate Bernardi’s system, that “the new method is sooner learnt than the old, to the extent of advancing a pupil in one day as far as a month’s instruction according to the old plan.”