The wicket was closed.

The heavy door swung to, closing hermetically on the stone sills, without any one seeing who had opened or shut it.  It seemed as if the bolts re-entered their sockets of their own act.  Some of these mechanisms, the inventions of ancient intimidation, still exist in old prisons—­doors of which you saw no doorkeeper.  With them the entrance to a prison becomes like the entrance to a tomb.

This wicket was the lower door of Southwark Jail.

There was nothing in the harsh and worm-eaten aspect of this prison to soften its appropriate air of rigour.

Originally a pagan temple, built by the Catieuchlans for the Mogons, ancient English gods, it became a palace for Ethelwolf and a fortress for Edward the Confessor; then it was elevated to the dignity of a prison, in 1199, by John Lackland.  Such was Southwark Jail.  This jail, at first intersected by a street, like Chenonceaux by a river, had been for a century or two a gate—­that is to say, the gate of the suburb; the passage had then been walled up.  There remain in England some prisons of this nature.  In London, Newgate; at Canterbury, Westgate; at Edinburgh, Canongate.  In France the Bastile was originally a gate.

Almost all the jails of England present the same appearance—­a high wall without and a hive of cells within.  Nothing could be more funereal than the appearance of those prisons, where spiders and justice spread their webs, and where John Howard, that ray of light, had not yet penetrated.  Like the old Gehenna of Brussels, they might well have been designated Treurenberg—­the house of tears.

Men felt before such buildings, at once so savage and inhospitable, the same distress that the ancient navigators suffered before the hell of slaves mentioned by Plautus, islands of creaking chains, ferricrepiditae insulae, when they passed near enough to hear the clank of the fetters.

Southwark Jail, an old place of exorcisms and torture, was originally used solely for the imprisonment of sorcerers, as was proved by two verses engraved on a defaced stone at the foot of the wicket,—­

  Sunt arreptitii, vexati daemone multo
  Est energumenus, quem daemon possidet unus.

Lines which draw a subtle delicate distinction between the demoniac and man possessed by a devil.

At the bottom of this inscription, nailed flat against the wall, was a stone ladder, which had been originally of wood, but which had been changed into stone by being buried in earth of petrifying quality at a place called Apsley Gowis, near Woburn Abbey.

The prison of Southwark, now demolished, opened on two streets, between which, as a gate, it formerly served as means of communication.  It had two doors.  In the large street a door, apparently used by the authorities; and in the lane the door of punishment, used by the rest of the living and by the dead also, because when a prisoner in the jail died it was by that issue that his corpse was carried out.  A liberation not to be despised.  Death is release into infinity.