them the passport to happiness. Fear them.
Do not meddle with them, lest they should meddle with
you. Wretch! do you know what the man is who is
happy by right? He is a terrible being.
He is a lord. A lord! He must have intrigued
pretty well in the devil’s unknown country before
he was born, to enter life by the door he did.
How difficult it must have been to him to be born!
It is the only trouble he has given himself; but,
just heavens, what a one!—to obtain from
destiny, the blind blockhead, to mark him in his cradle
a master of men. To bribe the box-keeper to give
him the best place at the show. Read the memoranda
in the old hut, which I have placed on half-pay.
Read that breviary of my wisdom, and you will see
what it is to be a lord. A lord is one who has
all and is all. A lord is one who exists above
his own nature. A lord is one who has when young
the rights of an old man; when old, the success in
intrigue of a young one; if vicious, the homage of
respectable people; if a coward, the command of brave
men; if a do-nothing, the fruits of labour; if ignorant,
the diploma of Cambridge or Oxford; if a fool, the
admiration of poets; if ugly, the smiles of women;
if a Thersites, the helm of Achilles; if a hare, the
skin of a lion. Do not misunderstand my words.
I do not say that a lord must necessarily be ignorant,
a coward, ugly, stupid, or old. I only mean that
he may be all those things without any detriment to
himself. On the contrary. Lords are princes.
The King of England is only a lord, the first peer
of the peerage; that is all, but it is much.
Kings were formerly called lords—the Lord
of Denmark, the Lord of Ireland, the Lord of the Isles.
The Lord of Norway was first called king three hundred
years ago. Lucius, the most ancient king in England,
was spoken to by Saint Telesphonis as my Lord Lucius.
The lords are peers—that is to say, equals—of
whom? Of the king. I do not commit the mistake
of confounding the lords with parliament. The
assembly of the people which the Saxons before the
Conquest called wittenagemote, the Normans,
after the Conquest, entitled parliamentum.
By degrees the people were turned out. The king’s
letters clause convoking the Commons, addressed formerly
ad concilium impendendum, are now addressed
ad consentiendum. To say yes is their
liberty. The peers can say no; and the proof is
that they have said it. The peers can cut off
the king’s head. The people cannot.
The stroke of the hatchet which decapitated Charles
I. is an encroachment, not on the king, but on the
peers, and it was well to place on the gibbet the
carcass of Cromwell. The lords have power.
Why? Because they have riches. Who has turned
over the leaves of the Doomsday Book? It is the
proof that the lords possess England. It is the
registry of the estates of subjects, compiled under
William the Conqueror; and it is in the charge of
the Chancellor of the Exchequer. To copy anything
in it you have to pay twopence a line. It is