The services of a family in managing a business are thus illustrated: 

“If a man has not sons capable of looking after the different branches, he must entrust the care of them to clerks and servants.  But these are not to be had ready-made:—­he must, therefore, take a set of unlicked cubs and teach them their business; and when that is fairly done, it is ten to one but, having become acquainted with his business and his customers, they find means to set up an opposition, and take effectually the wind out of their former patrons sails.  Where, however, a man has a large family of sons, he can wield a large capital in business, and to very good purpose too.”

A man of fortune ought not to come to Canada.  It is emphatically “the poor man’s country;” but it would be difficult to make it the country of the rich.  It is a good country for the poor man to acquire a living in, or for a man of small fortune to economize and provide for his family.

Infant emigration, or the sending out of parish children, of from 6 to 12 years of age with a qualified superintendant, is a favourite idea of the writer.  He objects to bringing out adult parish paupers from the chance of getting only the drunken, the vicious, and the idle as emigrants, though “there is one security, however, that we must always have against such a contingency, namely, that the rapscallionly part of the community, knowing that, if they remain in England, the parish must maintain them, and that if they go to Canada they must work for their living, may not be easily induced to quit their present advantageous position.”

Chapter II. details preparations for emigration.  Carrying heavy lumbering wooden furniture to the woods of Upper Canada is as “coals to Newcastle.”  The black walnut makes handsomer furniture than mahogany, and does not so easily stain, a property which saves much scrubbing and not a little scolding in families.  In clothes, boots and shoes are most useful, for Canadian leather resembles hide, and one pair of English shoes will easily last out three American.  In Canada, a sovereign generally fetches 23_s_. or 24_s_. currency, that is 5_s_. to the dollar;—­1_s_. sterling, passes for 1_s_. 2_d_. currency, so that either description of bullion gives a good remittance:  “one great objection, however, to bringing out money, is the liability there is of losing, or being robbed of it.”  Live stock is much wanted:  “dogs would be very valuable if trained to bring home the cattle, which often stray into the woods; with careless settlers, indeed, one half of the day is often spent in hunting up, and driving home the oxen.”  The water of the St. Lawrence is, it appears, more deleterious than our Thames:  “when you arrive in the St. Lawrence, having been on shortish allowance of water, you will be for swallowing the river water by the bucket full.  Now, if you have any bowels of compassion for your intestinal canal, you will abstain from so doing;—­for