Meanwhile, a commissioner was sent out to inquire into the distress of the colony and the conduct of Columbus.  He collected all complaints, and returned to Spain, Columbus sailing at the same time.  Never did a more miserable crew return from a land of promise.

The vessels anchored at Cadiz, and a feeble train of wretched men crawled forth, emaciated by diseases.  Contrary to his anticipation, Columbus was received with distinguished favour.  Thus encouraged, he proposed a further enterprise, and asked for eight ships, which were readily promised; but it was not until May 1498, that he again set sail.

The Third Voyage

(May, 1498—­October, 1500)

From the Cape de Verde Islands, Columbus steered to the south-west, until he arrived at the fifth degree of north latitude.  The air was like a furnace, the mariners lost all strength and spirit, and Columbus was induced to alter his course to the northwest.  After sailing some distance they reached a genial region with a cooling breeze and serene and clear sky.  They descried three mountains above the horizon; as they drew nearer, they proved to be united at the base, and Columbus, therefore, named this island La Trinidad.  He coasted round Trinidad, and landed on the mainland, but mistook it for an island.  He was astonished at the body of fresh water flowing into the Gulf of Paria, and came to the conclusion that it must be the outpouring of a great unknown continent stretching to the south, far beyond the equator.  His supplies were now almost exhausted, and he determined to return to Hispaniola.

He found the island in a lamentable situation.  A conspiracy had been formed against his viceroy, and the Indians, perceiving the dissensions among the Spaniards, threw off their allegiance.  After long negotiations Columbus was forced to sign a humiliating capitulation with the rebels.  Meanwhile, every vessel that returned from the New World came freighted with complaints against Columbus.  The support of the colony was an incessant drain upon the mother country.  Was this compatible, it was asked, with the pictures he had drawn of the wealth of the island?

Isabella herself at last began to entertain doubts about Columbus, and the sovereigns decided to send out Don Francisco del Bobadilla to investigate his conduct.  This officer appears to have been needy, passionate, and ambitious.  He acted as if he had been sent out to degrade the admiral, not to inquire into his conduct.  He threw Columbus into irons, and seized his arms, gold, jewels, books, and most secret manuscripts.  Columbus conducted himself with characteristic magnanimity, and bore all indignities in silence.  Bobadilla collected testimony sufficient, as he thought, to ensure the condemnation of Columbus, and sent him a prisoner to Spain.

The arrival of Columbus at Cadiz, in chains, produced almost as great a sensation as his first triumphant return.  A general burst of indignation arose.  The sovereigns sent orders that he should be instantly set at liberty, and promised that Columbus should be reinstated in all his dignities.  But Ferdinand repented having invested such great powers in any subject, and especially in a foreigner.  Plausible reasons were given for delaying his reappointment, and meanwhile Don Nicholas de Ovando was sent out to supersede Bobadilla.