[Footnote 36:  Britton, Memoirs of the Rebellion on the Border, 72.]

[Footnote 37:  Official Records, vol. viii, 286.]

full extent of his active connection with the Confederacy was to save to that Confederacy the Indian Territory.  The Indian occupants in and for themselves, unflattering as it may seem to them for historical investigators to have to admit it, were not objects of his solicitude except in so far as they contributed to his real and ultimate endeavor.  He never at any time or under any circumstances advocated their use generally as soldiers outside of Indian Territory in regular campaign work and offensively.[38] As guerrillas he would have used them.[39] He would have sent them on predatory expeditions into Kansas or any other near-by state where pillaging would have been profitable or retaliatory; but never as an organized force, subject to the rules of civilized warfare because fully cognizant of them.[40] It is doubtful if he would ever have allowed them, had he consulted only his own inclination, to so much as cross the line except under stress of an attack from without.  He would never have sanctioned their joining an unprovoked invading force.  In the treaties

[Footnote 38:  The provision in the treaties to the effect that the alliance consummated between the Indians and the Confederate government was to be both offensive and defensive must not be taken too literally or be construed so broadly as to militate against this fact:  for to its truth Pike, when in distress later on and accused of leading a horde of tomahawking villains, repeatedly bore witness.  The keeping back of a foe, bent upon regaining Indian Territory or of marauding, might well be said to partake of the character of offensive warfare and yet not be that in intent or in the ordinary acceptation of the term.  Everything would have to depend upon the point of view.]

[Footnote 39:  A restricted use of the Indians in offensive guerrilla action Pike would doubtless have permitted and justified.  Indeed, he seems even to have recommended it in the first days of his interest in the subject of securing Indian Territory.  No other interpretation can possibly be given to his suggestion that a battalion be raised from Indians that more strictly belonged to Kansas [Official Records, vol. iii, 581].  It is also conceivable that the force he had reference to in his letter to Benjamin, November 27, 1861 [Ibid., vol. viii, 698] was to be, in part, Indian.]

[Footnote 40:  Harrell, Confederate Military History, vol. x, 121-122.]