vol. xxxiv, part iv, 698-699] and he held that Confederate law recognized no distinction between Indian and white officers of the same rank.  Charles de Morse, a Texan, with whom General Steele had had several differences, took great exception to Maxey’s decision.  Race prejudice was strong in him.  Had there been many like him, the Indians, with any sense of dignity, could never have continued long identified with the Confederate cause.  For De Morse’s letter of protest, see Ibid., 699-700.]

characteristics of command here so closely as I have.  He hasn’t the time, nor is it necessary.  In my opinion no effort should be spared to hold this country.  Its loss would work a more permanent injury than the loss of any State in the Confederacy.  States can be recovered—­the Indian Territory, once gone, never.  Whites, when exiled by a cruel foe, find friends amongst their race; Indians have nowhere to go.  Let the enemy once occupy the country to Red River and the Indians give way to despair.  I doubt whether many of the highest officials in our Government have ever closely studied this subject.  It is the great barrier to the empire State of the South from her foe now and in peace.  Let Federalism reach the Red River, the effects will not stop there.  The doctrine of uti possidetis may yet play an important part.

I believe from what I have heard that Mr. Davis has a fair knowledge of this subject, and I think from conversations with General Smith he has, but his whole time being occupied with his immense department—­an empire—­I trust he will pardon me when I say that no effort of commissaries, quartermasters, or anybody else should be spared to hold this country, and I only regret that it has not fallen into abler hands than mine....[957]

Military reorganization[958] for the Indian troops had, in reality, come too late.  Confederate warfare all along the frontier, in the summer and autumn of 1864, was little more than a series of raids, of which Price’s Missouri was the greatest.  For raiding, the best of organization was never needed.  Watie, Shelby, Price were all men of the same stamp.  Watie was the greatest of Indian raiders and his mere name became almost as much of a terror as Quantrill’s with which it was frequently found associated, rightly or wrongly.  Around Fort Smith in July and farther north in August the Indian raided to good effect.  Usually, when he raided in the upper part of his own country, Federal

[Footnote 957:  Maxey to Boggs, May 11, 1864, Official Records, vol. xxxiv, part iii, 820.]

[Footnote 958:  For progress reached in reorganization by October, see orders issued by direction of Maxey, Ibid., vol. liii, supplement, 1023.]

supply trains were his objective, but not always.  The refugees were coming back from Kansas and their new home beginnings were mercilessly preyed upon by their Confederate fellow tribesmen, who felt for the owners a vindictive hatred that knew no relenting.