[Footnote 66:  Van Dorn did not make his detailed official report of this battle until the news had leaked out that the Indians had mangled the bodies of the dead and committed other atrocities.  He was probably then desirous of being as silent as he dared be concerning Indian participation, since he, in virtue of his being chief in command, was the person mainly responsible for it.  In October of the preceding year, McCulloch had favored using the Indians against Kansas [Official Records, vol. iii, 719, 721].  Cooper objected strongly to their being kept “at home” [Ibid., 614] and one of the leading chiefs insisted that they did not intend to use the scalping knife [Ibid., 625].]

McCulloch’s broken army and with it to join Van Dorn.  On the eighth, Colonel Watie’s men under orders from Van Dorn took position on the high ridges where they could watch the movements of the enemy and give timely notice of any attempt to turn the Confederate left flank.  Colonel Drew’s regiment, meanwhile, not having received the word passed along the line to move forward, remained in the woods near Leetown, the last in the field.  Subsequently, finding themselves deserted, they drew back towards Camp Stephens, where they were soon joined by “General Cooper, with his regiment and battalion of Choctaws and Chickasaws, and” by “Colonel McIntosh with 200 men of his regiment of Creeks."[67] The delinquent wayfarers were both fortunate and unfortunate in thus tardily arriving upon the scene.  They had missed the fight but they had also missed the temptation to revert to the savagery that was soon to bring fearful ignominy upon their neighbors.  To the very last of the Pea Ridge engagement, Stand Watie’s men were active.  They covered the retreat of the main army, to a certain extent.  They were mostly half-breeds and, so far as can be definitely ascertained, were entirely guiltless of the atrocities charged against the others.

General Pike gave the permission to fight “in their own fashion” specifically to the First Cherokee Mounted Rifles, who were, for the most part, full-blooded Indians; but he later confessed that, in his treaty negotiations with the tribes, they had generally stipulated that they should, if they fought at all, be allowed to fight as they knew how.[68] Yet they probably did not mean, thereby, to commit atrocities and the Cherokee National Council lost no time, after the Indian shortcomings

[Footnote 67:  Official Records, vol. viii, 292.]

[Footnote 68:—­Ibid., vol. xiii, 819.]

at the Battle of Pea Ridge had become known, in putting itself on record as standing opposed to the sort of thing that had occurred,