a few pistoles at games of mere commerce, and other
incidental calls of good company. The only two
articles which I will never supply are, the profusion
of low riot, and the idle lavishness of negligence
and laziness. A fool squanders away, without
credit or advantage to himself, more than a man of
sense spends with both. The latter employs his
money as he does his time, and never spends a shilling
of the one, nor a minute of the other, but in something
that is either useful or rationally pleasing to himself
or others. The former buys whatever he does not
want, and does not pay for what he does want.
He cannot withstand the charms of a toy-shop; snuff-boxes,
watches, heads of canes, etc., are his destruction.
His servants and tradesmen conspire with his own indolence
to cheat him, and in a very little time he is astonished,
in the midst of all the ridiculous superfluities,
to find himself in want of all the real comforts and
necessaries of life. Without care and method
the largest fortune will not, and with them almost
the smallest will, supply all necessary expenses.
As far as you can possibly, pay ready money for everything
you buy, and avoid bills. Pay that money too
yourself, and not through the hands of any servant,
who always either stipulates poundage, or requires
a present for his good word, as they call it.
Where you must have bills, (as for meat and drink,
clothes, etc.) pay them regularly every month,
and with your own hand. Never, from a mistaken
economy, buy a thing you do not want, because it is
cheap; or from a silly pride, because it is dear.
Keep an account in a book, of all that you receive,
and of all that you pay; for no man, who knows what
he receives and what he pays, ever runs out.
I do not mean that you should keep an account of the
shillings and half-crowns which you may spend in chair-hire,
operas, etc. They are unworthy of the time,
and of the ink that they would consume; leave such
minutiae to dull, penny-wise fellows; but remember
in economy, as well as in every other part of life,
to have the proper attention to proper objects, and
the proper contempt for little ones. A strong
mind sees things in their true proportion; a weak one
views them through a magnifying medium, which, like
the microscope, makes an elephant of a flea; magnifies
all little objects, but cannot receive great ones.
I have known many a man pass for a miser, by saving
a penny, and wrangling for two-pence, who was undoing
himself at the same time, by living above his income,
and not attending to essential articles, which were
above his portee. The sure characteristic
of a sound and strong mind is, to find in everything
those certain bounds, quos ultra citrave nequit
consistere rectum. These boundaries are marked
out by a very fine line, which only good sense and
attention can discover; it is much too fine for vulgar
eyes. In manners, this line is good-breeding;
beyond it, is troublesome ceremony; short of it, is