[11] Abancay is a town on one of the branches of the Apurimac about 60
    miles west from Cuzco.—­E.

[12] We learn from the History of America, II. 331, that this bloodless
    victory over Alvarado took place on the 12th July 1537.  Garcilasso
    calls it the battle of the river Amancay, and names Alvarado
    Alonso.—­E.

[13] Nasca is about 240 miles S.S.E. from Lima, or about sixty Spanish
    leagues.—­E.

[14] Zarate forgets that only a few lines before, he had mentioned that
    Almagro carried these officers along with his army:—­E.

[15] Mala, or San Pedro de Mala, is a town and sea-port on a river of the
    same name, about 50 miles south from Lima.

[16] According to Robertson, II. 334, after an unsuccessful attempt to
    cross the mountains by the direct road from Lima to Cuzco, Ferdinand
    marched southwards in the maritime plain to Nasca, whence he
    penetrated by the defiles of the mountains in that quarter.—­E.

[17] Garcilasso informs us that the musketeers of Pizarro used a kind of
    chain shot on this occasion; their leaden bullets being cast in two
    hemispheres connected together by several links of a small iron
    chain.—­E.

[18] In Zarate the date of this battle is given as the 26th of April, in
    which he is followed by Robertson; but Garcilasso carefully notices
    the mistake, and assures us that it was fought on the 6th of the
    month.—­E.

[19] Collao in the text is probably Cailloma of modern maps, a very
    elevated valley at the head of one of the branches of the Apurimac. 
    The marshy country beyond, to which Candia and Peranzures were sent on
    discovery, is called Musu by Garcilasso, and was probably the Pampas
    or marshy plains of the Mojos or Muju, to the east of the Andes,
    nearly in the latitude of Cailloma—­E.

[20] We learn from Garcilasso that in this province the city of La Plata
    was afterwards built, not far distant from the famous mines of Potosi
    and Porco—­E.

[21] Perhaps the Inca Titu Yupanqui is here meant, who was named
    Tizogopangui by Zarate on a former occasion.—­E.

SECTION IV.

Expeditions of Pedro de Valdivia into Chili, and of Gonzalo Pizarro to Los Canelos.

On the arrival of Pedro de Valdivia in Chili, he was peaceably received by the Indians, who wished to gather in their crops, as it was then the season of harvest.  When this important business was accomplished, the whole country rose upon the Spaniards, who were unprepared for this event and somewhat dispersed, and killed forty of them before they could draw their forces together.  On this occasion, when Valdivia was about to take the field to chastise the Chilese, part of his troops threatened to mutiny against his authority,