immediately to the north of Peru proper, and seems to have reached
    from lat. 3 deg. 20’ S. to about lat, 1 deg.  N. but is now included in the
    viceroyalty of New Granada which reaches to the Carribbean sea, with
    which it is connected by the river Magdalena.—­E.

[13] The substance of this description appears to refer entirely to that
    province of the kingdom of Quito which is named Esmeraldas or Tacamez,
    on both sides of the equator.—­E.

[14] Various reasons have been assigned for the origin of the word Peru,
    as the name of the empire of the Incas, unknown to themselves, at
    least in that sense.  The most probable derivation is from the river
    Piura, near its northern frontier, where it was first visited by
    Pizarro.—­E.

[15] This circumstance is unintelligible, as the bones could not shrink,
    unless by supposing these human heads to have been the heads of
    small apes, resembling human faces.  The expression of the text,
    immediately before, of human carcasses hung up in the form of
    crosses, ought perhaps to have been rendered instead of crosses.—­E.

[16] A good deal more is said of these giants, both by Zarate and
    Garcilasso de la Vega, p. 363, but so vague and absurd as not to be
    worth insertion.  The whole story seems to have arisen out of the
    colossal representation of a man and woman at Puerto viejo.—­E.

[17] This is merely a repetition of the big bones of Mexico and the Ohio,
    already referred to the Mammoth, or animal ignotum.—­E.

[18] Puna is in the bay of Guayaquil, in lat. 3 deg.  S. and is near thirty
    leagues in circumference, being about ten leagues long by five in
    breadth.—­E.

[19] The estimate in the text is exceedingly erroneous.  The city of Parto
    is in lat. 1 deg. 12’ N. and the Rio de Loa, or commencement of the desert
    of Atacama, in lat. 21 deg. 26’ S. which give only a difference of nearly
    25 degrees of latitude, which at 17-1/2 Spanish leagues to the degree
    are only 438 leagues.  Even supposing the text to include Chili, which
    extends to 39 deg. 21’ S. the whole extent of Peru and Chili is only 753
    Spanish leagues.—­E.

[20] This is only to be understood of the period when Zarate wrote, about
    the middle of the sixteenth century, or two hundred and fifty years
    ago.  The first town he enumerates, Puerto Viejo, is now in the
    viceroyalty of New Granada.—­E.

[21] The wool-bearing animals of Peru, improperly named sheep, are one or
    other of the species of camel already mentioned in a former note.—­E.

[22] Instead of four degrees, Quito is only the fourth part of a
    degree beyond the line.—­E.

[23] Bracamoras, or Jaen de Bracamoras, in lat. 5 deg. 30’ S. is in the
    district or province of Jaen in the kingdom of New Granada, on one of
    the branches of the Lauricocha or Tanguragua, which is one of the
    great rivers which contribute to form the vast Maranon, or river of
    the Amazons.—­E.