even in the case of sugar, with less hands than were at present employed, if the owners of them would but introduce machines of husbandry.  Mr. Long himself, long resident as a planter, had proved, upon his own estate, that the plough, though so little used in the West Indies, did the service of a hundred slaves, and caused the same ground to produce three hogsheads of sugar, which, when cultivated by slaves, would only produce two.  The division of work, which, in free and civilized countries, was the grand source of wealth, and the reduction of the number of domestic servants, of whom not less than from twenty to forty were kept in ordinary families, afforded other resources for this purpose.  But, granting that all these suppositions should be unfounded, and that every one of these substitutes should fail for a time, the planters would be indemnified, as is the case in all transactions of commerce, by the increased price of their produce in the British market.  Thus, by contending against the abolition, they were defeated in every part of the argument.  But he would never give up the point, that the number of the slaves could be kept up by natural population, and without any dependence whatever on the Slave-trade.  He therefore called upon the house again to abolish it as a criminal waste of life—­it was utterly unnecessary—­he had proved it so by documents contained in the report.  The merchants of Liverpool, indeed, had thought otherwise, but he should be cautious how he assented to their opinions.  They declared last year that it was a losing trade at two slaves to a ton, and yet they pursued it when restricted to five slaves to three tons.  He believed, however, that it was upon the whole a losing concern; in the same manner as the lottery would be a losing adventure to any company who should buy all the tickets.  Here and there an individual gained a large prize, but the majority of adventurers gained nothing.  The same merchants, too, had asserted that the town of Liverpool would be ruined by the abolition.  But Liverpool did not depend for its consequence upon the Slave-trade.  The whole export-tonnage from that place amounted to no less than 170,000 tons; whereas the export part of it to Africa amounted only to 13,000.  Liverpool, he was sure, owed its greatness to other and very different causes; the Slave-trade bearing but a small proportion to its other trades.

Having gone through that part of the subject which related to the slaves, he would now answer two objections which he had frequently heard started.  The first of these was, that the abolition of the Slave-trade would operate to the total ruin of our navy, and to the increase of that of our rivals.  For an answer to these assertions, he referred, to what he considered to be the most valuable part of the report, and for which the house and the country were indebted to the indefatigable exertions of Mr. Clarkson.  By the report it appeared, that, instead of the Slave-trade