1906.

NOTES: 

[Footnote 1:  Lives of the English Poets.  By Samuel Johnson, LL.D.  Edited by George Birkbeck Hill, D.C.L.  Oxford:  at the Clarendon Press, 1905.]

MADAME DU DEFFAND[2]

When Napoleon was starting for his campaign in Russia, he ordered the proof-sheets of a forthcoming book, about which there had been some disagreement among the censors of the press, to be put into his carriage, so that he might decide for himself what suppressions it might be necessary to make.  ’Je m’ennuie en route; je lirai ces volumes, et j’ecrirai de Mayence ce qu’il y aura a faire.’  The volumes thus chosen to beguile the imperial leisure between Paris and Mayence contained the famous correspondence of Madame du Deffand with Horace Walpole.  By the Emperor’s command a few excisions were made, and the book—­reprinted from Miss Berry’s original edition which had appeared two years earlier in England—­was published almost at once.  The sensation in Paris was immense; the excitement of the Russian campaign itself was half forgotten; and for some time the blind old inhabitant of the Convent of Saint Joseph held her own as a subject of conversation with the burning of Moscow and the passage of the Berezina.  We cannot wonder that this was so.  In the Parisian drawing-room of those days the letters of Madame du Deffand must have exercised a double fascination—­on the one hand as a mine of gossip about numberless persons and events still familiar to many a living memory, and, on the other, as a detailed and brilliant record of a state of society which had already ceased to be actual and become historical.  The letters were hardly more than thirty years old; but the world which they depicted in all its intensity and all its singularity—­the world of the old regime—­had vanished for ever into limbo.  Between it and the eager readers of the First Empire a gulf was fixed—­a narrow gulf, but a deep one, still hot and sulphurous with the volcanic fires of the Revolution.  Since then a century has passed; the gulf has widened; and the vision which these curious letters show us to-day seems hardly less remote—­from some points of view, indeed, even more—­than that which is revealed to us in the Memoirs of Cellini or the correspondence of Cicero.  Yet the vision is not simply one of a strange and dead antiquity:  there is a personal and human element in the letters which gives them a more poignant interest, and brings them close to ourselves.  The soul of man is not subject to the rumour of periods; and these pages, impregnated though they be with the abolished life of the eighteenth century, can never be out of date.