15.  A. Pillet, Studien zur Pastourelle, Breslau, 1902.  Roemer, Die volkstuemlichen Dichtungsarten der altprovenzalischen Lyrik, Marburg, 1884.

16. Quae judicia de litteris fecerint Provinciales.  P. Andraud, Paris, 1902.

17.  From Si’m sentis fizels amics, quoted by Dante, De Vulg.  El. i. 9.

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18.  “Paubre motz”; also interpreted as “scanty words,” i.e. poems with short lines.  On Jaufre Rudel in literature, see a lecture by Carducci, Bologna 1888.  The latest theory of his mysterious love is that she was the Virgin Mary; see C. Appel, Archiv fuer das Studium der neueren Sprachen, cvii. 3-4.

19.  Mahn, Gedichte, no. 707.  An edition of Bernard de Ventadour’s poems is in preparation by Prof.  Appel.

20. Cp. Dante, Par. xx. 73.

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21.  Dante, De Vulg.  El. ii. 2.

22.  “Il Provenzale,” Conv. iv. 11.

23. Purg. xxvi.

24.  On his family see Stronski, Folquet de Marseille, p. 15 and 159-172.

25.  See G. Paris, La Litterature francaise au moyen age, Sec. 128.

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26.  The best short account of the Albigenses is to be found in vol. i. of H.C.  Lea’s Histoire de L’Inquisition au moyen age, Paris, 1903.  This, the French translation, is superior to the English edition as it contains the author’s last corrections, and a number of bibliographical notes.  The Adoptionist theory is stated in the introduction to F.C.  Conybeare’s Key of Truth, Oxford, 1908.  The Chanson de la Croisade Albigeoise, P. Meyer, Paris, 1875, 2 vols., is indispensable to students of the subject.  In these works will be found much of the extensive bibliography of the heresy and crusade.

27.  Eckbertus, Serm. adv.  Catharos, Migne, Patr.  Lat., tom. 193. p. 73.

28. Cf. Milman, Latin Christianity, Book IX. chap. viii. p. 85.

29.  On religious lyric poetry, see Lowinsky, Zeitschrift fuer franzoesische Sprache und Litteratur, xx. p. 163 ff., and the bibliographical note to Stimming’s article in Groeber’s Grundriss, vol. ii. part ii.  Sec. 32.

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Most histories of Italian literature deal with this subject.  See Gaspary’s Italian Literature to the death of Dante:  H. Oelsner, Bohn’s Libraries.  See also the chapter, La poesie francaise en Italie in Jeanroy’s Origines.  For Dante, see Storia letteraria d’Italia, scritta di una societa di professori, Milan, vol. iii., Dante, by Zingarelli. The Troubadours of Dante, Chaytor, Oxford, 1902.  Useful are A. Thomas, Francesco da Barberino et la litterature provencale en Italie au moyen age, Paris, 1883.  O. Schultz, Die Lebensverhaeltnisse der Italienischen Trobadors, Berlin, 1883.