There is a great similarity in many of the operations of weaving the simpler types of cloth, although there may be a considerable difference in the appearance of the cloths themselves.  In nearly all the various branches of the textile industry the bulk of the work in the weaving departments of such branches consists of the manufacture of comparatively simple fabrics.  Thus, in the jute industry, there are four distinct types of cloth which predominate over all others; these types are known respectively as hessian, bagging, tarpauling and sacking.  In addition to these main types, there are several other simple types the structure of which is identical with one or other of the above four; while finally there are the more elaborate types of cloth which are embodied in the various structures of carpets and the like.

It is obviously impossible to discuss the various makes in a work of this kind; the commoner types are described in Jute and Linen Weaving Calculations and Structure of Fabrics; and the more elaborate ones, as well as several types of simple ones, appear in Textile Design:  Pure and Applied, both by T. Woodhouse and T. Milne.

Six distinct types of jute fabrics are illustrated in Fig. 32.  The technical characteristics of each are as follows—­

[Illustration:  FIG. 32 SIX DISTINCT KINDS OF TYPICAL JUTE FABRICS]

H.—­An ordinary “HESSIAN” cloth made from comparatively fine single
  warp and single weft, and the threads interlaced in the simplest
  order, termed “plain weave.”  A wide range of cloths is made from the
  scrims or net-like fabrics to others more closely woven than that
  illustrated.

B.—­A “BAGGING” made from comparatively fine single warp arranged in
  pairs and then termed “double warp.”  The weft is thick, and the
  weave is also plain.

T.—­A “TARPAULING” made from yarns similar to those in bagging,
  although there is a much wider range in the thickness of the weft. 
  It is a much finer cloth than the typical bagging, but otherwise the
  structures are identical.

S.—­A striped “SACKING” made from comparatively fine warp yarns,
  usually double as in bagging, but occasionally single, with medium
  or thick weft interwoven in 3-leaf or 4-leaf twill order.  The weaves
  are shown in Fig. 33.

C.—­One type of “CARPET” cloth made exclusively from two-ply or
  two-fold coloured warp yarns, and thick black single weft yarns.  The
  threads and picks are interwoven in two up, two down twill, directed
  to right and then to left, and thus forming a herring-bone pattern,
  or arrow-head pattern.

P.-An uncut pile fabric known as “BRUSSELLETTE.”  The figuring warp
  is composed of dyed and printed yarns mixed to form an indefinite
  pattern, and works in conjunction with a ground warp and weft.  The
  weave is again plain, although the structure of the fabric is quite
  different from the other plain cloths illustrated.  The cloth is
  reversible, the two sides being similar structure but differing
  slightly in colour ornamentation.