About this time certain cruel and wicked practices, which must now be mentioned, had arrived at such a height, and had become so frequent in the metropolis, as to produce of themselves other coadjutors to the cause.

Before the year 1700, planters, merchants, and others, resident in the West Indies, but coming to England, were accustomed to bring with them certain slaves to act as servants with them during their stay.  The latter, seeing the freedom and the happiness of servants in this country, and considering what would be their own hard fate on their return to the islands, frequently absconded.  Their masters of course made search after them, and often had them seized and carried away by force.  It was, however, thrown out by many on these occasions, that the English laws did not sanction such proceedings, for that all persons who were baptized became free.  The consequence of this was, that most of the slaves, who came over with their masters, prevailed upon some pious clergyman to baptize them.  They took of course godfathers of such citizens as had the generosity to espouse their cause.  When they were seized they usually sent to these, if they had an opportunity, for their protection.  And in the result, their godfathers, maintaining that they had been baptized, and that they were free on this account as well as by the general tenour of the laws of England, dared those, who had taken possession of them, to send them out of the kingdom.

The planters, merchants, and others, being thus circumstanced, knew not what to do.  They were afraid of taking their slaves away by force, and they were equally afraid of bringing any of the cases before a public court.  In this dilemma, in 1729 they applied to York and Talbot, the attorney and solicitor-general for the time being, and obtained the following strange opinion from them:—­“We are of opinion, that a slave by coming from the West Indies into Great Britain or Ireland, either with or without his master, does not become free, and that his master’s right and property in him is not thereby determined or varied, and that baptism doth not bestow freedom on him, nor make any alteration in his temporal condition in these kingdoms.  We are also of opinion, that the master may legally compel him to return again to the plantations.”

This cruel and illegal opinion was delivered in the year 1729.  The planters, merchants, and others, gave it of course all the publicity in their power.  And the consequences were as might easily have been apprehended.  In a little time slaves absconding were advertised in the London papers as runaways, and rewards offered for the apprehension of them, in the same brutal manner as we find them advertised in the land of slavery.  They were advertised also, in the same papers, to be sold by auction, sometimes by themselves, and at others with horses, chaises, and harness.  They were seized also by their masters, or by persons employed by them, in the very streets,