It is a good plan to use Outline Maps to show the important lines of development, as the gradual drifting apart of the North and the South on the slavery question.

Illustrate by supposed transactions the working of Hamilton’s financial measures.  By all means do not neglect a study of Washington’s Farewell Address.  Particular attention should be given to the two views of constitutional interpretation mentioned in Sec. 207, and considerable time should be spent on a study of Sec.Sec. 224 and 225.

[Illustration:  THE UNITED STATES IN 1800.]

VIII

THE JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANS,
1801-1812

Books for Study and Reading

References.—­Higginson’s Larger History, 344-365; Scribner’s Popular History, IV, 127-184; Schouler’s Jefferson.

Home Reading.—­Coffin’s Building the Nation; Drake’s Making the Ohio Valley States; Hale’s Man Without a Country and Philip Nolan’s Friends.

CHAPTER 22

THE UNITED STATES IN 1800

[Sidenote:  Area.]

[Sidenote:  Population.]

228.  Area and Population, 1800.—­The area of the United States in 1800 was the same as at the close of the Revolutionary War.  But the population had begun to increase rapidly.  In 1791 there were nearly four million people in the United States.  By 1800 this number had risen to five and one-quarter millions.  Two-thirds of the people still lived on or near tide-water.  But already nearly four hundred thousand people lived west of the Alleghanies.  In 1791 the centre of population had been east of Baltimore.  It was now eighteen miles west of that city (p. 157).

[Sidenote:  Philadelphia.]

[Sidenote:  New York.]

[Sidenote:  The new capital.]

229.  Cities and Towns in 1800.—­Philadelphia was the largest city in the United States.  It had a population of seventy thousand.  But New York was not far behind Philadelphia in population.  Except these two, no city in the whole United States had more than thirty thousand inhabitants.  The seat of government had been removed from Philadelphia to Washington.  But the new capital was a city only in name.  One broad long street, Pennsylvania Avenue, led from the unfinished Capitol to the unfinished White House.  Congress held its sessions in a temporary wooden building.  The White House could be lived in.  But Mrs. Adams found the unfinished reception room very convenient for drying clothes on rainy Mondays.  A few cheaply built and very uncomfortable boarding-houses completed the city.

[Sidenote:  Roads, coaches, and inns.]

[Sidenote:  Traveling by water.]