140.  British Attack on Charleston, 1776.—­In June 1776 a British fleet and army made an attack on Charleston, South Carolina.  This town has never been taken by attack from the sea.  Sand bars guard the entrance of the harbor and the channels through these shoals lead directly to the end of Sullivan’s Island.  At that point the Americans built a fort of palmetto logs and sand.  General Moultrie commanded at the fort and it was named in his honor, Fort Moultrie.  The British fleet sailed boldly in, but the balls from the ships’ guns were stopped by the soft palmetto logs.  At one time the flag was shot away and fell down outside the fort.  But Sergeant Jasper rushed out, seized the broken staff, and again set it up on the rampart.  Meantime, General Clinton had landed on an island and was trying to cross with his soldiers to the further end of Sullivan’s Island.  But the water was at first too shoal for the boats.  The soldiers jumped overboard to wade.  Suddenly the water deepened, and they had to jump aboard to save themselves from drowning.  All this time Americans were firing at them from the beach.  General Clinton ordered a retreat.  The fleet also sailed out—­all that could get away—­and the whole expedition was abandoned.

[Illustration:  GENERAL MOULTRIE.]

[Sidenote:  Defense of New York, 1776.]

[Sidenote:  Battle of Long Island, 1776.]

[Sidenote:  Escape of the Americans.]

141.  Long Island and Brooklyn Heights, 1776.—­The very day that the British left Boston, Washington ordered five regiments to New York.  For he well knew that city would be the next point of attack.  But he need not have been in such a hurry.  General Howe, the new British commander-in-chief, sailed first to Halifax and did not begin the campaign in New York until the end of August.  He then landed his soldiers on Long Island and prepared to drive the Americans away.  Marching in a round-about way, he cut the American army in two and captured one part of it.  This brought him to the foot of Brooklyn Heights.  On the top was a fort.  Probably Howe could easily have captured it.  But he had led in the field at Bunker Hill and had had enough of attacking forts defended by Americans.  So he stopped his soldiers—­with some difficulty.  That night the wind blew a gale, and the next day was foggy.  The British fleet could not sail into the East River.  Skillful fishermen safely ferried the rest of the American army across to New York.  When at length the British marched to the attack, there was no one left in the fort on Brooklyn Heights.

[Sidenote:  Retreat from New York.]

[Sidenote:  Washington crosses the Delaware.]