[Sidenote:  Boston and neighborhood, 1775-76.]

[Sidenote:  Importance of Dorchester and Charlestown.]

136.  Siege of Boston.—­It was most fortunate that the British army was at Boston when the war began, for Boston was about as bad a place for an army as could be found.  In those days Boston was hardly more than an island connected with the mainland by a strip of gravel.  Gage built a fort across this strip of ground.  The Americans could not get in.  But they built a fort at the landward end, and the British could not get out.  On either side of Boston was a similar peninsula.  One of these was called Dorchester Heights; the other was called Charlestown.  Both overlooked Boston.  To hold that town, Gage must possess both Dorchester and Charlestown.  If the Americans could occupy only one of these, the British would have to abandon Boston.  At almost the same moment Gage made up his mind to seize Dorchester, and the Americans determined to occupy the Charlestown hills.  The Americans moved first, and the first battle was fought for the Charlestown hills.

[Illustration:  A POWDER-HORN USED AT BUNKER HILL.]

[Sidenote:  Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775. Higginson, 183-188; McMaster, 129-130.]

137.  Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775.—­When the seamen on the British men-of-war waked up on the morning of June 17, the first thing they saw was a redoubt on the top of one of the Charlestown hills.  The ships opened fire.  But in spite of the balls Colonel Prescott walked on the top of the breastwork while his men went on digging.  Gage sent three or four thousand men across the Charles River to Charlestown to drive the daring Americans away.  It took the whole morning to get them to Charlestown, and then they had to eat their dinner.  This delay gave the Americans time to send aid to Prescott.  Especially went Stark and his New Hampshire men, who posted themselves behind a breastwork of fence rails and hay.  At last the British soldiers marched to the attack.  When they came within good shooting distance, Prescott gave the word to fire.  The British line stopped, hesitated, broke, and swept back.  Again the soldiers marched to the attack, and again they were beaten back.  More soldiers came from Boston, and a third time a British line marched up the hill.  This time it could not be stopped, for the Americans had no more powder.  They had to give up the hill and escape as well as they could.  One-half of the British soldiers actually engaged in the assaults were killed or wounded.  The Americans were defeated.  But they were encouraged and were willing to sell Gage as many hills as he wanted at the same price.

[Illustration:  FACSIMILE OF A REVOLUTIONARY POSTER.]

[Sidenote:  Washington takes command of the army, 1775. Higginson, 188-193.]

[Sidenote:  Seizure of Ticonderoga and Crown Point.]

[Sidenote:  Evacuation of Boston, 1776.]