280.  The Florida Treaty, 1819.—­While this contest was going on, the United States bought of Spain a large tract of land admirably suited to negro slavery.  This was Florida.  It belonged to Spain and was a refuge for all sorts of people:  runaway negroes, fugitive Indians, smugglers, and criminals of all kinds.  Once in Florida, fugitives generally were safe.  But they were not always safe.  For instance, in 1818 General Jackson chased some fleeing Indians over the boundary.  They sought refuge in a Spanish fort, and Jackson was obliged to take the fort as well as the Indians.  This exploit made the Spaniards more willing to sell Florida.  The price was five million dollars.  But when it came to giving up the province, the Spaniards found great difficulty in keeping their promises.  The treaty was made in 1819, but it was not until 1821 that Jackson, as governor of Florida, took possession of the new territory.  Even then the Spanish governor refused to hand over the record books, and Jackson had to shut him up in prison until he became more reasonable.

[Illustration:  OLD HOUSES, ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA.]

[Sidenote:  Formation of the Holy Alliance.]

[Sidenote:  It interferes in Spanish affairs.]

[Sidenote:  The Spanish Americans colonists rebel against Spain.]

[Sidenote:  Russian attempts at colonization.]

281.  The “Holy Alliance.”—­Most of the people of the other Spanish colonies were rebelling against Spain, and there was a rebellion in Spain itself.  There were rebellions in other European countries as well as in Spain.  In fact, there seemed to be a rebellious spirit nearly everywhere.  This alarmed the European emperors and kings.  With the exception of the British king, they joined together to put down rebellions.  They called their union the Holy Alliance.  They soon put the Spanish king back on his throne.  They then thought that they would send warships and soldiers across the Atlantic Ocean to crush the rebellions in the Spanish colonies.  Now the people of the United States sympathized with the Spanish colonists in their desire for independence.  They also disliked the idea of Europeans interfering in American affairs.  “America for Americans,” was the cry.  It also happened that Englishmen desired the freedom of the Spanish colonists.  As her subjects Spain would not let them buy English goods.  But if they were free, they could buy goods wherever they pleased.  The British government therefore proposed that the United States and Great Britain should join in a declaration that the Spanish colonies were independent states.  John Quincy Adams, son of John Adams, was Monroe’s Secretary of State.  He thought that this would not be a wise course to follow, because it might bring American affairs within European control.  He was all the more anxious to prevent this entanglement, as the Czar of Russia was preparing to found colonies on the western coast of North America and Adams wanted a free hand to deal with him.