ADJECTIVE or ADVERB.[112]—­Illiterate persons often forget that adjectives go with nouns and pronouns, but adverbs with verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.  Even cultivated persons are sometimes in doubt whether to use an adjective or an adverb after certain verbs, as “grow,” “look,” “sound,” “smell,” “taste.”  If the added word applies to the subject of the verb, it should be an adjective; if to the verb, it should be an adverb.  We say “We feel warm” when we mean that we are warm; we say “We feel warmly on this subject,” when we mean that our feeling is warm.  “As a rule, it is proper to use an adjective whenever some form of the verb ‘to be’ or ’to seem’ may be substituted for the verb, an adverb when no such substitution can be made."[113] Thus, “He looked angry; he spoke angrily.”  Sometimes we may use either adjective or adverb with no difference in meaning:  as, “We were sitting quiet (quietly) round the fire.”

Regarding the form of adverbs, ill-taught pupils often suppose that all words ending in “-ly” are adverbs, and that all adverbs end in “-ly.”  A glance at the italicized words in the following expressions will remove this delusion:  “Come here;” “very pretty;” “he then rose;” “lay it lengthwise;” “he fell backward;” “run fast;” “now it is done;” “a friendly Indian;” “a buzzing fly.”  Though no comprehensive rule can be given for the form of adverbs, which must be learned for the most part by observation, it may be helpful to know that most “adjectives of quality,” like gentle, true, take the suffix “-ly” to make a corresponding adverb; and that the comparative and superlative degrees of adverbs ending in “-ly” usually prefix more and most.

[112] “Foundations,” pp. 120-128. [113] Ibid., p. 121.

EXERCISE LXIV.

1.  Write careful (carefully). 2.  His teacher spoke cold (coldly) to him after she found he had acted
   dishonorable (dishonorably).
3.  Speak slow (slowly) and distinct (distinctly). 4.  He behaved bad (badly). 5.  He is a remarkable (remarkably) good shot. 6.  They were in a terrible (terribly) dangerous position. 7.  I am only tolerable (tolerably) well, sir. 8.  He acted very different (differently) from his brother. 9.  It is discouraging to see how bad (badly) the affairs of our nation
   are sometimes managed.
10.  He writes plainer (more plainly) than he once did. 11.  You are exceeding (exceedingly) kind. 12.  He struggled manful (manfully) against the waves. 13.  You have been wrong (wrongly) informed. 14. Sure (surely) he is a fine gentleman. 15.  She dresses suitable (suitably) to her station. 16.  That part of the work was managed easy (easily) enough.