the calm, self-satisfied, unconscious inheritor, finds that he must shift his point of view!  The nineteenth-century Briton face to face with the conditions of primitive man is a spectacle fine in the general, but often ludicrous or piteous in the particular.  The loneliness, the coarseness, the everlasting insistence of the pettiest and most troublesome wants and difficulties, harden and brace many minds, but narrow most and torment some.  Wild game, song-birds, fish, forest trees, were but some of the things of which there were few or none round nearly all the young pastoral settlements.  Everything was to make.  The climate might be healthy and the mountain outlines noble.  But nothing but work, and successful work, could reconcile an educated and imaginative man to the monotony of a daily outlook over league after league of stony soil, thinly clothed by pallid, wiry tussocks bending under an eternal, uncompromising wind; where the only living creatures in sight might often be small lizards or a twittering grey bird miscalled a lark; or where the only sound, save the wind aforesaid, might be the ring of his horse’s shoe against a stone, or the bleat of a dull-coated merino, scarcely distinguishable from the dull plain round it.  To cure an unfit new-comer, dangerously enamoured of the romance of colonization, few experiences could surpass a week of sheep-driving, where life became a prolonged crawl at the heels of a slow, dusty, greasy-smelling “mob” straggling along at a maximum pace of two miles an hour.  If patience and a good collie helped the tyro through that ordeal, such allies were quite too feeble to be of service in the supreme trial of bullock-driving, where a long whip and a vocabulary copious beyond the dreams of Englishmen were the only effective helpers known to man in the management of the clumsy dray and the eight heavy-yoked, lumbering beasts dragging it.  Wonderful tales are told of cultivated men in the wilderness, Oxonians disguised as station-cooks, who quoted Virgil over their dish-washing or asked your opinion on a tough passage of Thucydides whilst baking a batch of bread.  Most working settlers, as a matter of fact, did well enough if they kept up a running acquaintance with English literature; and station-cooks, as a race, were ever greater at grog than at Greek.

Prior to about 1857 there was little or no intercourse between the various settlements.  Steamers and telegraphs had not yet appeared.  The answer to a letter sent from Cook’s Straits to Auckland might come in seven weeks or might not.  It would come in seventy hours now.  Despatches were sometimes sent from Wellington to Auckland via Sydney, to save time.  In 1850 Sir William Fox and Mr. Justice Chapman took six days to sail across Cook’s Straits from Nelson to Wellington, a voyage which now occupies eight hours.  They were passengers in the Government brig, a by-word for unseaworthiness and discomfort.  In this vessel the South Island members of the first New Zealand parliament spent