In Nan p’i (in Malabar) Chau Ju-kwa has (p. 88):  “The native products include pearls, foreign cotton-stuff of all colours (i.e. coloured chintzes) and tou-lo mien (cotton-cloth).”  Hirth and Rockhill remark that this cotton-cloth is probably “the buckram which looks like tissue of spider’s web” of which Polo speaks, and which Yule says was the famous muslin of Masulipatam.  Speaking of Cotton, Chau Ju-kwa (pp. 217-8) writes:  “The ki pe tree resembles a small mulberry-tree, with a hibiscus-like flower furnishing a floss half an inch and more in length, very much like goose-down, and containing some dozens of seeds.  In the south the people remove the seed from the floss by means of iron chopsticks, upon which the floss is taken in the hand and spun without troubling about twisting together the thread.  Of the cloth woven therefrom there are several qualities; the most durable and the strongest is called t’ou-lo-mien; the second quality is called fan-pu or ‘foreign cloth’; the third ’tree cotton’ or mu-mien; the fourth ki-pu.  These textures are sometimes dyed in various colours and brightened with strange patterns.  The pieces measure up to five or six feet in breadth.”

XXI., p. 373.

THE CITY OF CAIL.

Prof.  E.H.  PARKER writes in the Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Soc., XXXVII., 1906, p. 196:  “Yule’s identification of Kayal with the Kolkhoi of Ptolemy is supported by the Sung History, which calls it both Ko-ku-lo and Ku-lo; it was known at the beginning of the tenth century and was visited by several Chinese priests.  In 1411 the Ming Dynasty actually called it Ka-i-leh and mention a chief or king there named Ko-pu-che-ma.”

XXII., p. 376.  “OF THE KINGDOM OF COILUM.—­So also their wine they make from [palm-] sugar; capital drink it is, and very speedily it makes a man drunk.”

Chau Ju-kwa in Nan p’i (Malabar) mentions the wine (p. 89):  “For wine they use a mixture of honey with cocoanuts and the juice of a flower, which they let ferment.”  Hirth and Rockhill remark, p. 91, that the Kambojians had a drink which the Chinese called mi-t’ang tsiu, to prepare which they used half honey and half water, adding a ferment.

XXII., p. 380 n.  “This word [Sappan] properly means Japan, and seems to have been given to the wood as a supposed product of that region.”

“The word sappan is not connected with Japan.  The earliest records of this word are found in Chinese sources. Su-fang su-pwan, to be restored to ’supang or ’spang, ’sbang; Caesalpinia sappan, furnishing the sappan wood, is first described as a product of Kiu-chen (Tong King) in the Nan fang ts’ao mi chuang, written by Ki Han at the end of the third or beginning of the fourth century.  J. de Loureiro (Flora cochinchinensis, p. 321) observes in regard to this tree, ’Habitat in