The German traveller von Le Coq has found at Turfan fragments of this legend in Turki which he published in 1912 in his Tuerkische Manichaica, which agree with the legend given by the Persian Ibn Babawaih of Qum, who died in 991. (S. d’OLDENBOURG, Bul.  Ac.  I. des Sc., Pet., 1912, pp. 779-781; W. RADLOFF, Alttuerk.  Stud., VI., zu Barlaam und Joasaph).  M.P.  Alfaric (La Vie chretienne du Bouddha, J. Asiatique, Sept.-Oct., 1917, pp. 269 seq.; Rev. de l’Hist. des Religions, Nov.-Dec., 1918, pp. 233 seq.) has studied this legend from a Manichaean point of view.

XV., p. 327.

See La “Vie des Saints Barlaam et Josaphat” et la legende du Bouddha, in Vol.  I., pp. xxxxvii-lvi, of Contes populaires de Lorraine par Emmanuel COSQUIN, Paris, Vieweg, n.d. [1886].

XVI., p. 335 n.

TANJORE.

Speaking of Chu-lien (Chola Dominion, Coromandel Coast), Chau Ju-kwa, pp. 93-4, says:—­

“The kingdom of Chu-lien is the Southern Yin-tu of the west.  To the east (its capital) is five li distant from the sea; to the west one comes to Western India (after) 1500 li; to the south one comes to Lo-lan (after) 2500 li; to the north one comes to Tun-t’ien (after) 3000 li.”

Hirth and Rockhill remark, p. 98:  “Ma Tuan-lin and the Sung-shi reproduce textually this paragraph (the former writer giving erroneously the distance between the capital and the sea as 5000 li).  Yule, Marco Polo, II, p. 335, places the principal port of the Chola kingdom at Kaveripattanam, the ‘Pattanam’ par excellence of the Coromandel Coast, and at one of the mouths of the Kaveri.  He says that there seems to be some evidence that the Tanjore ports were, before 1300, visited by Chinese trade.  The only Lo-lan known to mediaeval Chinese is mentioned in the T’ang-shu, 221’8, and is identified with the capital of Bamian, in Afghanistan.  I think our text is corrupt here and that the character lo should be changed to si, and that we should read Si-lan, our Ceylon.  Both Ma and the Sung-shi say that 2500 li south-east of Chu-lien was ’Si-lan-ch’i-kuo with which it was at war.  Of course the distance mentioned is absurd, but all figures connected with Chu-lien in Chinese accounts are inexplicably exaggerated.”

XVI., pp. 336-337.

CHINESE PAGODA AT NEGAPATAM.

Sir Walter ELLIOT, K.C.S.I., to whom Yule refers for the information given about this pagoda, has since published in the Indian Antiquary, VII., 1878, pp. 224-227, an interesting article with the title:  The Edifice formerly known as the Chinese or Jaina Pagoda at Negapatam, from which we gather the following particulars regarding its destruction:—­

“It went by various names, as the Puduveli-gopuram, the old pagoda, Chinese pagoda, black pagoda, and in the map of the Trigonometrical Survey (Sheet 79) it stands as the Jeyna (Jaina) pagoda.  But save in name it has nothing in common with Hindu or Muhammadan architecture, either in form or ornament.”