“I may observe that the Peh Shi (or ‘Northern Dynasties History’) speaks of a large consumption of sugar in Cambodgia as far back as the fifth century of our era.  There can be no mistake about the meaning of the words sha-t’ang, which are still used both in China and Japan (sa-to).  The ‘History of the T’ang Dynasty,’ in its chapter on Magadha, says that in the year 627 the Chinese Emperor ’sent envoys thither to procure the method of boiling out sugar, and then ordered the Yang-chou sugar-cane growers to press it out in the same way, when it appeared that both in colour and taste ours excelled that of the Western Regions’ [of which Magadha was held to be part].” (E.H.  PARKER, Asiatic Quart.  Rev., Jan., 1904, p. 146.)

ZAITUN.

LXXXII., p. 237.

M.G.  Ferrand remarks that Tze tung = [Arabic], zitun in Arabic, inexactly read Zaytun, on account of its similitude with its homonym [Arabic], zyatun, olive. (Relat de Voy., I., p. 11.)

LXXXII., pp. 242-245.

“Perhaps it may not be generally known that in the dialect of Foochow Ts’uean-chou and Chang-chou are at the present day pronounced in exactly the same way—­i.e., ‘Chiong-chiu,’ and it is by no means impossible that Marco Polo’s Tyunju is an attempt to reproduce this sound, especially as, coming to Zaitun via Foochow, he would probably first hear the Foochow pronunciation.” (E.H.  PARKER, Asiatic Quart.  Rev., Jan., 1904, p. 148)

BOOK THIRD.

JAPAN, THE ARCHIPELAGO, SOUTHERN INDIA, AND THE COASTS AND ISLANDS OF THE INDIAN SEA.

II., p. 256, n. 1.

NAFUN.

Regarding the similitude between Nipon and Nafun, Ferrand, Textes, I., p. 115 n., remarks:  “Ce rapprochement n’a aucune chance d’etre exact [Arabic] Nafun est certainement une erreur de graphic pour [Arabic] Yakut ou [Arabic] Nakus.”

III., p. 261.

JAPANESE WAR.

“Hung Ts’a-k’iu, who set out overland via Corea and Tsushima in 1281, is much more likely than Fan Wen-hu to be Von-sain-chin (probably a misprint for chiu), for the same reason Vo-cim stands for Yung-ch’ang, and sa for sha, ch’a, ts’a, etc.  A-la-han (not A-ts’i-han) fell sick at the start, and was replaced by A-ta-hai.  To copy Abacan for Alahan would be a most natural error, and I see from the notes that M. Schlegel has come to the same conclusion independently.” (E.H.  PARKER, Asiatic Quart.  Rev., Jan., 1904, p. 147.)

V., pp. 270, 271 n.

CHAMBA.

Lieut.-General Sagatu, So Tu or So To, sent in 1278 an envoy to the King known as Indravarman VI. or Jaya Sinhavarman.  Maspero (Champa, pp. 237, 254) gives the date of 1282 for the war against Champa with Sagatu appointed at the head of the Chinese Army on the 16th July, 1282; the war lasted until 1285.  Maspero thinks 1288 the date of Marco’s visit to Champa (L.c., p. 254).