of this second encounter.  During these two expeditions, the invaders had not succeeded in breaking through the thick veil of numerous small thai principalities which still stand to-day between Yun Nan and Burma proper.  It was only in 1283 that the final crush took place, when a third expedition, whose chief was Siang-wu-ta-eul (Singtaur), retook the fort of Kaung sin and penetrated more into the south in the Irawadi Valley, but without reaching Pagan.  King Narasihapati evacuated Pagan before the impending advancing Chinese forces and fled to the Delta.  In 1285 parleys for the establishment of a Chinese Protectorship were begun; but in the following year, King Narasihapati was poisoned at Prome by his own son Sihasura.  In 1287, a fourth Chinese expedition, with Prince Ye-sin Timur at its head, reached at last Pagan, having suffered considerable losses....  A fifth and last Chinese expedition took place during the autumn of 1300 when the Chinese army went down the Irawadi Valley and besieged Myin-Saing during the winter of 1300-1301.  The Mongol officers of the staff having been bribed the siege was raised.” (Bul.  Ecole Extreme-Orient, Oct.-Dec., 1909, pp. 679-680; cf. also p. 651 n.)

Huber, p. 666 n., places the battle-field of Vochan in the Nam Ti
Valley; the Burmese never reached the plain of Yung Ch’ang.

LII., p. 106 n.

BURMA.

We shall resume from Chinese sources the history of the relations between
Burma and China: 

1271.  Embassy of Kublai to Mien asking for allegiance.

1273.  New embassy of Kublai.

1275.  Information supplied by A-kuo, chief of Zardandan.

1277.  First Chinese Expedition against Mien—­Battle of Nga-caung-khyam won
      by Hu Tu.

1277.  Second Chinese Expedition led by Nacr ed-Din.

1283.  Third Chinese Expedition led by Prince Singtaur.

1287.  Fourth Chinese Expedition led by Yisun Timur; capture of Pagan.

1300-1301.  Fifth Chinese Expedition; siege of Myin-saing.

Cf.  E. HUBER, Bul.  Ecole franc.  Ext.  Orient, Oct.-Dec., 1909, pp. 633-680.—­VISDELOU, Rev. Ext.  Orient, II., pp. 72-88.

LIII.-LIV., pp. 106-108.  “After leaving the Province of which I have been speaking [Yung ch’ang] you come to a great Descent.  In fact you ride for two days and a half continually down hill....  After you have ridden those two days and a half down hill, you find yourself in a province towards the south which is pretty near India, and this province is called AMIEN.  You travel therein for fifteen days....  And when you have travelled those 15 days ... you arrive at the capital city of this Province of Mien, and it also is called AMIEN....”

I owe the following valuable note to Mr. Herbert Allan OTTEWILL, H.M.’s Vice-Consul at T’eng Yueh (11th October, 1908): 

“The indications of the route are a great descent down which you ride continually for two days and a half towards the south along the main route to the capital city of Amien.