CONCERNING THE PROVINCE OF ZARDANDAN.

We read in Huber’s paper already mentioned (Bul.  Ecole Ext.  Orient, Oct.-Dec., 1909, p. 665):  “The second month of the twelfth year (1275), Ho T’ien-tsio, governor of the Kien Ning District, sent the following information:  ’A-kouo of the Zerdandan tribe, knows three roads to enter Burma, one by T’ien pu ma, another by the P’iao tien, and the third by the very country of A-kouo; the three roads meet at the ’City of the Head of the River’ [Kaung si] in Burma.”  A-kouo, named elsewhere A-ho, lived at Kan-ngai.  According to Huber, the Zardandan road is the actual caravan road to Bhamo on the left of the Nam Ti and Ta Ping; the second route would be by the Tien ma pass and Nam hkam, the P’iao tien route is the road on the right bank of the Nam Ti and the Ta Ping leading to Bhamo via San Ta and Man Waing.

The Po Yi and Ho Ni tribes are mentioned in the Yuan Shi, s.a. 1278. 
(PELLIOT.)

L., p. 90.

Mr. H.A.  OTTEWILL tells me in a private note that the Kachins or Singphos did not begin to reach Burma in their emigration from Tibet until last century or possibly this century.  They are not to be found east of the Salwen River.

L., p. 91.

COUVADE.

There is a paper on the subject in the Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie (1911, pp. 546-63) by Hugo Kunicke, Das sogennante, “Mannerkindbett," with a bibliography not mentioning Yule’s Marco Polo, Vinson, etc.  We may also mention:  De la “Covada” en Espana.  Por el Prof.  Dr. Telesforo de Aranzadi, Barcelona (Anthropos, T.V., fasc. 4, Juli-August, 1910, pp. 775-8).

L., p. 92 n.

I quoted Prof.  E.H.  Parker (China Review, XIV., p. 359), who wrote that the “Langszi are evidently the Szi lang, one of the six Chao, but turned upside down.”  Prof.  Pelliot (Bul.  Ecole franc.  Ext.  Orient, IV., July-Sept., 1904, p. 771) remarks:  “Mr. Parker is entirely wrong.  The Chao of Shi-lang, which was annexed by Nan Chao during the eighth century, was in the western part of Yun Nan, not in Kwei chau; we have but little information on the subject.”  He adds:  “The custom of Couvade is confirmed for the Lao of Southern China by the following text of the Yi wu chi of Fang Ts’ien-li, dating at least from the time of the T’ang dynasty:  ’When a Lao woman of Southern China has a child, she goes out at once.  The husband goes to bed exhausted, like a woman giving suck.  If he does not take care, he becomes ill.  The woman has no harm.’”

L., pp. 91-95.

Under the title of The Couvade or “Hatching," John Cain writes from Dumagudem, 31st March, 1874, to the Indian Antiquary, May, 1874, p. 151: