Dr. Laufer writes to me:  “The word chinuchi is a Mongol term derived from Mongol cinoa (pronounced cino or cono which means ‘wolf,’ with the possessive suffix _-ci_, meaning accordingly a ‘wolf-owner’ or ‘wolf-keeper).’  One of the Tibetan designations for the mastiff is cang-k’i (written spyang-k’yi), which signifies literally ‘wolf-dog.’  The Mongol term is probably framed on this Tibetan word.  The other explanations given by Yule (401-402) should be discarded.”

Prof.  Pelliot writes to me:  “J’incline a croire que les Cunichi sont a lire Cuiuci et repondent au kouei-tch’e ou kouei-yeou-tch’e, ‘censeurs,’ des textes chinois; les formes chinoises sont transcrites du mongol et se rattachent au verbe gueyue, ou gueyi, ‘courir’; on peut songer a restituer gueyuekci.  Un Ming-ngan (= Minghan), chef des kouei-tch’e, vivait sous Kublai et a sa biographie au ch. 135 du Yuan Che; d’autre part, peut-etre faut-il lire, par deplacement de deux points diacritiques, Bayan gueyuekci dans Rashid ed-Din, ed.  BLOCHET, II., 501.”

XX., p. 408, n. 6. Cachar Modun must be the place called Ha-ch’a-mu-touen in the Yuan Shi, ch. 100, f deg.. 2 r. (PELLIOT.)

XXIV., pp. 423, 430.  “Bark of Trees, made into something like Paper, to pass for Money over all his Country.”

Regarding Bretschneider’s statement, p. 430, Dr. B. Laufer writes to me:  “This is a singular error of Bretschneider.  Marco Polo is perfectly correct:  not only did the Chinese actually manufacture paper from the bark of the mulberry tree (Morus alba), but also it was this paper which was preferred for the making of paper-money.  Bretschneider is certainly right in saying that paper is made from the Broussonetia, but he is assuredly wrong in the assertion that paper is not made in China from mulberry trees.  This fact he could have easily ascertained from S. Julien,[1] who alludes to mulberry tree paper twice, first, as ’papier de racines et d’ecorce de murier,’ and, second, in speaking of the bark paper from Broussonetia: ’On emploie aussi pour le meme usage l’ecorce d’Hibiscus Rosa sinensis et de murier; ce dernier papier sert encore a recueillir les graines de vers a soie,’ What is understood by the latter process may be seen from Plate I. in Julien’s earlier work on sericulture,[2] where the paper from the bark of the mulberry tree is likewise mentioned.

“The Chi p’u, a treatise on paper, written by Su I-kien toward the close of the tenth century, enumerates among the various sorts of paper manufactured during his lifetime paper from the bark of the mulberry tree (sang p’i) made by the people of the north.[3]

“Chinese paper-money of mulberry bark was known in the Islamic World in the beginning of the fourteenth century; that is, during the Mongol period.  Accordingly it must have been manufactured in China during the Yuan Dynasty.  Ahmed Shibab Eddin, who died in Cairo in 1338 at the age of 93, and left an important geographical work in thirty volumes, containing interesting information on China gathered from the lips of eye-witnesses, makes the following comment on paper-money, in the translation of Ch.  Schefer:[4]