At Sarhad, Afghan Wakhan, Stein, Ruins of Desert Cathay, I., p. 69, writes:  “There was little about the low grey houses, or rather hovels, of mud and rubble to indicate the importance which from early times must have attached to Sarhad as the highest place of permanent occupation on the direct route leading from the Oxus to the Tarim Basin.  Here was the last point where caravans coming from the Bactrian side with the products of the Far West and of India could provision themselves for crossing that high tract of wilderness ‘called Pamier’ of which old Marco Polo rightly tells us:  ‘You ride across it ...’  And as I looked south towards the snow-covered saddle of the Baroghil, the route I had followed myself, it was equally easy to realize why Kao Hsien-chih’s strategy had, after the successful crossing of the Pamirs, made the three columns of his Chinese Army concentrate upon the stronghold of Lien-yuen, opposite the present Sarhad.  Here was the base from which Yasin could be invaded and the Tibetans ousted from their hold upon the straight route to the Indus.”

XXXII., p. 174.

“The note connecting Hiuan Tsang’s Kieh sha with Kashgar is probably based upon an error of the old translators, for the Sita River was in the Pamir region, and K’a sha was one of the names of Kasanna, or Kieh-shwang-na, in the Oxus region.” (E.H.  PARKER, Asiatic Quart.  Rev., Jan., 1904, p. 143.)

XXXII., I. p. 173; II. p. 593.

PAONANO PAO.

Cf. The Name Kushan, by J.F.  Fleet, Jour.  Roy.  As.  Soc., April, 1914, pp. 374-9; The Shaonano Shao Coin Legend; and a Note on the name Kushan by J. Allan, Ibid., pp. 403-411.  PAONANO PAO.  Von Joh.  Kirste. (Wiener Zeit. f. d.  Kunde d.  Morg., II., 1888, pp. 237-244.)

XXXII., p. 174.

YUE CHI.

“The old statement is repeated that the Yueeh Chi, or Indo-Scyths (i.e. the Eptals), ‘are said to have been of Tibetan origin.’  A long account of this people was given in the Asiatic Quart.  Rev. for July, 1902.  It seems much more likely that they were a branch of the Hiung-nu or Turks.  Albiruni’s ‘report’ that they were of Tibetan origin is probably founded on the Chinese statement that some of their ways were like Tibetan ways, and that polyandry existed amongst them; also that they fled from the Hiung-nu westwards along the north edge of the Tibetan territory, and some of them took service as Tibetan officials.” (E.H.  PARKER, Asiatic Quart.  Rev., Jan., 1904, p. 143.)

XXXII., pp. 178-179.

BOLOR.

We read in the Tarikh-i-Rashidi of Mirza Haidar (Notes by Ney Elias; translated by E.D.  Ross, 1895), p. 135, that Sultan Said Khan, son of Mansur Khan, sent the writer in the year 934 (1528), “with Rashid Sultan, to Balur, which is a country of infidels [Kafiristan], between Badakhshan and Kashmir, where we conducted successfully a holy war [ghazat], and returned victorious, loaded with booty and covered with glory.”