(14) Audh, (15) Kanauj, (16) Laknaoti (Upper Bengal), (17) Bahar, (18) Karrah (in the Doab), (19) Malawa, (Malwa), (20) Lahaur, (21) Kalanur (in the Bari Doab, above Lahore), (22) Jajnagar (according to Elphinstone, Tipura in Bengal), (23) Tilinj (a repetition or error), (24) Dursamand (Dwara Samudra, the kingdom of the Bellals in Mysore).  Neither Malabar nor Orissa is accounted for. (See Not. et Ext. XIII. 170).  Another list, given by the historian Zia-uddin Barni some years later, embraces again only twelve provinces.  These are (1) Delhi, (2) Gujerat, (3) Malwah, (4) Deogir, (5) Tiling, (6) Kampilah (in the Doab, between Koil and Farakhabad), (7) Dur Samandar, (8) Ma’bar, (9) Tirhut, (10) Lakhnaoti, (11) Satganw, (12) Sunarganw (these two last forming the Western and Eastern portions of Lower Bengal).[1]

[1] E.  Thomas, Chronicles of the Pathan Kings of Delhi, p. 203.

CHAPTER XXXV.

TREATING OF THE GREAT PROVINCE OF ABASH WHICH IS MIDDLE INDIA, AND IS ON THE MAINLAND.

Abash is a very great Province, and you must know that it constitutes the MIDDLE INDIA; and it is on the mainland.  There are in it six great Kings with six great Kingdoms; and of these six Kings there are three that are Christians and three that are Saracens; but the greatest of all the six is a Christian, and all the others are subject to him.[NOTE 1]

The Christians in this country bear three marks on the face;[NOTE 2] one from the forehead to the middle of the nose, and one on either cheek.  These marks are made with a hot iron, and form part of their baptism; for after that they have been baptised with water, these three marks are made, partly as a token of gentility, and partly as the completion of their baptism.  There are also Jews in the country, and these bear two marks, one on either cheek; and the Saracens have but one, to wit, on the forehead extending halfway down the nose.

The Great King lives in the middle of the country, the Saracens towards Aden.  St. Thomas the Apostle preached in this region, and after he had converted the people he went away to the province of Maabar, where he died; and there his body lies, as I have told you in a former place.

The people here are excellent soldiers, and they go on horseback, for they have horses in plenty.  Well they may; for they are in daily war with the Soldan of ADEN, and with the Nubians, and a variety of other nations. [NOTE 3] I will tell you a famous story of what befel in the year of Christ, 1288.

You must know that this Christian King, who is the Lord of the Province of Abash, declared his intention to go on pilgrimage to Jerusalem to adore the Holy Sepulchre of Our Lord God Jesus Christ the Saviour.  But his Barons said that for him to go in person would be to run too great a risk; and they recommended him to send some bishop or prelate in his stead.  So the King assented to the counsel which his Barons gave, and despatched a certain Bishop of his, a man of very holy life.  The Bishop then departed and travelled by land and by sea till he arrived at the Holy Sepulchre, and there he paid it such honour as Christian man is bound to do, and presented a great offering on the part of his King who had sent him in his own stead.