Hawaii- Portu-  Japan-              S. S.     All
Islands.   ans.  guese.    ese.   Chinese.   Isl’ders.   Others.    Total. 
Hawaii     594    980    6,245    2,511       24       232     10,586
Mauai      580    526    2,010    1,114       45       110      4,385
Oahu       197    211    1,331      973       16        55      2,783
Kauai      244    551    3,307    1,691       30       203      6,026
=====  =====   ======    =====      ===       ===     ======
Tot.1896 1,615  2,268   12,893    6,289      115       600     23,780
Tot.1895 1,584  2,497   11,584    3,847      133       473     20,120
=====  =====   ======    =====      ===       ===     ======
Inc.1896    31  .....    1,309    2,442      ...       127      3,660
Dec.1899 .....    231   ......    .....       18       ...     ......

The number of day laborers, 11,917, or a little over one-half of the total force engaged.  The Japanese and South Sea Islanders are about evenly divided in their numbers as to term and day service, while Hawaiians and Portuguese show each but a small proportion of their numbers under contract.  Minors are reducing in number.  Women laborers, numbering 1,024 in all, show a gain of 89 over 1875.  Only thirty Hawaiian females are engaged among all the plantations, and confined to one plantation each in Oahu, Kauai and Maui.

The Hawaiian Annual of 1898 makes this annotation: 

During the year various changes have occurred in the labor population of the country; and under the working of the present law, requiring a proportion of other than Asiatic of all immigrant labor introduced, there has already arrived one company of Germans, comprising 115 men, 25 women and 47 children, all of whom found ready engagements with various plantations.

Chinese arrivals in 1897 to take the place of Japanese whose terms were expiring, will alter the proportions of these nationalities of plantation labor, and by the new law Asiatic laborers must return to their country at the expiration of their term of service, or re-engage; they cannot drift around the country, nor engage in competition with artizans or merchants.

The islands comprising the Hawaiian territory are Hawaii, Mauai, Oaha, Kauai, Molokai, Lauai, Niihau, Kahaalawe, Lehua and Molokini, “The Leper Prison,” and, in addition, Nihoa, or Bird Island, was taken possession of in 1822; an expedition for that purpose having been fitted out by direction of Kaahumanu, and sent thither under the charge of Captain William Sumner.

Laysan Island became Hawaiian territory May 1st, 1857, and on the 10th of the same month Lysiansky Island was added to Kamehameha’s realm by Captain John Paty.

Palmyra Island was taken possession of by Captain Zenas Bent, April 15th, 1862, and proclaimed Hawaiian territory in the reign of Kamehameha IV., as per “By Authority” notice in the “Polynesian” of June 21st, 1862.

Ocean Island was acquired September 20th, 1886, as per proclamation of Colonel J.M.  Boyd, empowered for such service during the reign of Kalakaua.