139.  Rosa rubiginosa.  Sweet-Briar.—­Is a very fragrant shrub, for which it has long been cultivated in the gardens.  There are several varieties in the nurseries; as the Double-flowering, Evergreen, &c. which are much esteemed.

140.  Rubus Idaeus.  The Raspberry.—­Produces a well known fruit in great esteem, and of considerable use both as food and for medicine.

141.  Rubus fruticosus.  Bramble.—­Produces a black insipid fruit, but which is used by the poor people for tarts and to form a made wine:  when mixt with the juice of sloes it is rendered very palatable.

142.  Rubus caesius.—­Is a dwarf kind of bramble, and produces fruit of a pleasant acid, and where it grows in plenty it is used by the poor people for pies and other purposes of domestic oeconomy.

143.  Salix Russelliana.  The willow.—­No trees in this country are of more use than the species of this genus:  many are grown for basket-makers in form of osiers, and other larger sorts serve for stakes, rails, hop-poles, and many other useful purposes.  The bark of several species has been considered as useful for tanning leather.  The charcoal of the Willow is also much in demand for making gunpowder.

144.  Salix viminalis.  The osier.—­These are cultivated in watery places for making baskets, which are become a profitable article, and are the shoots of one season’s growth cut every winter.  The species best adapted to this purpose, besides the common osier, are

The Salix vitellina.  Golden Willow.  The Salix monandria.  Monandrous Willow.  The Salix triandria.  Triandrous Willow.  The Salix mollissima.  Silky-leaved Willow.  The Salix stipularis.  Auriculated Osier.  The Salix purpurea.  Bitter Purple Willow.  The Salix Helix.  Rose Willow.  The Salix Lambertiana.  Boyton Willow.  The Salix Forbyana.  Basket Osier.  The Salix rubra.  Green Osier.  The Salix nigricans.  Dark Purple Osier.

145.  Sambucus nigra.  Elder.—­The timber of the Elder is useful for making musical instruments, and the berries made into wine and fermented make a useful and valuable beverage.  A variety with green berries is much esteemed for wine also.

146.  SORBUS Aucuparia.  Quicken-tree, or Mountain-ash.—­In this part of Britain we usually find this tree in plantations, where it is very ornamental; and the berries, which are of a fine scarlet, are the food of many species of birds.  The wood is also useful for posts, &c. and is considered lasting.

147.  SORBUS domestica.  True service.—­Produces a fruit much like the Medlar, and when ripe is in great esteem.  The only tree in this country in a wild state, is growing in Bewdley Forest, Worcester-shire.

148.  Spartium Scoparium.  Broom.—­Is a very ornamental plant, and is used for making besoms.  It was once considered as a specific in the cure of dropsy, but is now seldom used for medicial purposes.